Publication: La intervención comunicativa para la reducción del riesgo de desastres. Análisis de las políticas y las prácticas comunicativas en tiempos normales
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2017-04-20
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La comunicación social constituye un elemento fundamental en la labor interdisciplinar que requiere el gobierno de los riesgos. Sin información y conocimiento resulta imposible la conservación de la memoria histórica en la gestión de riesgos, así como el fortalecimiento de la intervención. La comunicación para la reducción de riesgos debe ser abordada por una política pública de concurrencia multisectorial que se articule desde una concepción que incluya el desarrollo sostenible y que sea además coherente con los principios de los Derechos Humanos, dado que son las poblaciones más vulnerables las que sufren con más virulencia el impacto de los desastres. En los últimos 25 años, los discursos internacionales sobre reducción de riesgos han evolucionado desde una lógica basada en la “preparación para la respuesta” hacia otra más madura que defiende la disminución de vulnerabilidades y el aumento de la resiliencia. Esta postura demanda obviamente introducir o intensificar el trabajo comunicativo en tiempos normales en el manejo de los riesgos. Abordar la prevención como fase prioritaria de la intervención comunicativa, supone estudiar las políticas y prácticas comunicativas cuya finalidad es la mitigación de los efectos adversos causados a partir de amenazas naturales y la preparación para desastres. Esta etapa supone el momento idóneo para reducir vulnerabilidades, apoyándose de un trabajo político, socio-psicológico y didáctico-instructivo sustentado en procesos de comunicación social eficaces y sistemáticos que contribuyan al logro de una cultura de reducción de desastres. Un caso paradigmático que evidencia la importancia que entraña la prevención y la preparación en la reducción de desastres lo representa el archipiélago cubano. Cuba ha desarrollado un modelo de reducción de desastres que implica a las diferentes categorías sociales en un secuencial e ininterrumpido ciclo de gestión de riesgos. Conseguir la participación de todos ellos, requiere de instituciones y recursos humanos bien preparados y concienciados. Motivada por los éxitos cosechados por el modelo de reducción del riesgo en Cuba y sustentado por los presupuestos fundamentales de la comunicación para el desarrollo –sostenible- y el enfoque de derechos humanos, la presente investigación se propuso como objetivo general valorar la intervención comunicativa para la reducción del riesgo de desastres de origen natural en tiempos normales, a fin avanzar en la construcción de un modelo de comunicación sinérgico en reducción del riesgo de desastres...
Social communication is a key element in the interdisciplinary work that requires the government to assess and mitigate the risks. Without information and knowledge it is impossible to document and chronologically archive risk management tools and intervention techniques. Communication for risk reduction must be addressed through public policy, encompassing multi sectorial government and private bodies that converges to form a concept that is coherent with sustainable development and is also consistent with the human rights principles, as vulnerable population who more often than not, suffer the impact of disasters. In the past 25 years, international discourses on risk reduction has evolved from a logic based on "preparedness for response" to a more mature thought “reduction of vulnerabilities and increasing resilience”. This position and proactive direction, requires and demands higher engagement via intensive communication during the normal times of risk management and mitigation. Adressing “prevention” as the priority phase of the communication, is achieved through study and analysis of communication policies and practices that details disaster preparedness and aims at mitigating adverse effects caused by natural hazards.This phase represents the ideal time taken to reduce vulnerabilities and increase preparedness and resilience through systematic capacity building and empowerment. A paradigmatic case, demonstrates the importance of the prevention and preparedness in disaster reduction representing the Cuban archipelago. The Cuban model of disaster reduction has developed a system integrating the multiple groups and individuals in a chronological and continuous risk management cycle. To involve all of them, it requires qualified institutions and highly trained human resources and awareness. Motivated by the successes of the risk reduction model in Cuba, supported and reinforced by the fundamental presumptions of communication for sustainable development and human rights perspective, The general objective of the present investigation was to assess the outcome of communication intervention, which was to reduce the risk of natural disasters in normal times, using inclusive integrated framework for sustainable development and human rights approach...
Social communication is a key element in the interdisciplinary work that requires the government to assess and mitigate the risks. Without information and knowledge it is impossible to document and chronologically archive risk management tools and intervention techniques. Communication for risk reduction must be addressed through public policy, encompassing multi sectorial government and private bodies that converges to form a concept that is coherent with sustainable development and is also consistent with the human rights principles, as vulnerable population who more often than not, suffer the impact of disasters. In the past 25 years, international discourses on risk reduction has evolved from a logic based on "preparedness for response" to a more mature thought “reduction of vulnerabilities and increasing resilience”. This position and proactive direction, requires and demands higher engagement via intensive communication during the normal times of risk management and mitigation. Adressing “prevention” as the priority phase of the communication, is achieved through study and analysis of communication policies and practices that details disaster preparedness and aims at mitigating adverse effects caused by natural hazards.This phase represents the ideal time taken to reduce vulnerabilities and increase preparedness and resilience through systematic capacity building and empowerment. A paradigmatic case, demonstrates the importance of the prevention and preparedness in disaster reduction representing the Cuban archipelago. The Cuban model of disaster reduction has developed a system integrating the multiple groups and individuals in a chronological and continuous risk management cycle. To involve all of them, it requires qualified institutions and highly trained human resources and awareness. Motivated by the successes of the risk reduction model in Cuba, supported and reinforced by the fundamental presumptions of communication for sustainable development and human rights perspective, The general objective of the present investigation was to assess the outcome of communication intervention, which was to reduce the risk of natural disasters in normal times, using inclusive integrated framework for sustainable development and human rights approach...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias de la Información, Sección Departamental de Sociología IV (Métodos de la Investigación y Teoría de la Comunicación), leída el 17-12-2015