Publication: Terapias biológicas contra el cáncer
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2016
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Abstract
El cáncer es una de las enfermedades más importantes a nivel mundial, tanto en incidencia como en mortalidad. La terapia antineoplásica por excelencia es la quimioterapia, basada en fármacos de acción inespecífica que los hacen presentar una elevada toxicidad y efectos secundarios.
Con el objetivo de solucionar estos problemas, se están desarrollando cada vez más una serie de tratamientos dirigidos diseñados para bloquear de forma específica el proceso tumoral. Así, las terapias biológicas representan una alternativa importante en el tratamiento contra el cáncer, con una elevada eficacia y un perfil de efectos secundarios en general mucho más tolerable. En esta revisión bibliográfica se consigue dar una imagen general sobre el cáncer y se resumen los tipos de terapias biológicas para los cánceres más importantes (mecanismo, indicaciones, eficacia y seguridad), así como el futuro de éstas. Si bien es cierto que existen numerosas moléculas biológicas aprobadas para el tratamiento del cáncer, muchas son todavía experimentales y aún queda mucho por conseguir. Sin embargo, las terapias biológicas representan la base de la investigación futura y suponen la alternativa más sólida y fiable de tratamiento de la patología.
Cancer is one of the most important diseases worldwide, both incidence as prevalence. The main antineoplastic therapy is chemotherapy, which is based on the use of drugs with a mechanism of action nonspecific that causes high toxicity and side effects. In order to solve these problems, a series of treatments targeted to specifically block tumor processes are being developed. Thus, biological therapies represent an important role in cancer treatment, with high efficacy and side effects profile, generally, much more tolerable. In this review an overall picture of cancer is achieved and summarizes the types of biological therapies for the main cancers (mechanism of action, therapeutic indication, efficacy and safety) and the future of these therapies. Although there are several biological molecules approved for the treatment of cancer, many of them are experimental and there is still much to achieve. However, biological therapies are the cornerstone for future research and represent the most solid and reliable alternative treatment of the disease.
Cancer is one of the most important diseases worldwide, both incidence as prevalence. The main antineoplastic therapy is chemotherapy, which is based on the use of drugs with a mechanism of action nonspecific that causes high toxicity and side effects. In order to solve these problems, a series of treatments targeted to specifically block tumor processes are being developed. Thus, biological therapies represent an important role in cancer treatment, with high efficacy and side effects profile, generally, much more tolerable. In this review an overall picture of cancer is achieved and summarizes the types of biological therapies for the main cancers (mechanism of action, therapeutic indication, efficacy and safety) and the future of these therapies. Although there are several biological molecules approved for the treatment of cancer, many of them are experimental and there is still much to achieve. However, biological therapies are the cornerstone for future research and represent the most solid and reliable alternative treatment of the disease.