Publication: Valor de los compuestos orgánicos volátiles en aire exhalado en el diagnóstico del cáncer de pulmón
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2017-05-17
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
En la actualidad el cáncer de pulmón (CP) representa la primera causa de muerte por cáncer en el hombre y la tercera en la mujer. Menos de un 20% de los casos que se diagnostican se encuentran en estadios tempranos, con una supervivencia a 5 años del 15%. Sin embargo, cuando el tumor se diagnostica en fases tempranas, la supervivencia puede llegar a ser del 80%. Con estos datos es necesario disponer de programas de cribado para una población de alto riesgo. En 2012 se demostró que el diagnóstico precoz con tomografía computerizada de baja radiación disminuía la mortalidad en un 20% con un seguimiento a 6.5 años frente a la radiología convencional. Para aumentar la rentabilidad y disminuir los riesgos y costes, hay que establecer criterios de inclusión más acotados. El empleo de biomarcadores podría contribuir a este fin. El análisis del aire exhalado es de especial interés. Es una metodología no invasiva que trata de establecer diferencias entre muestras de aire de población con y sin cáncer, tras los efectos del estrés oxidativo. Se ha visto que existen diferencias en los compuestos exhalados en pacientes con CP frente a personas sin CP. Aunque estos resultados son muy esperanzadores, la falta de estandarización en cuanto a la recogida de muestra, consumibles, técnica y método analítico, y compuestos con mayor poder discriminatorio, hacen difícil la comparación de los resultados obtenidos...
Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer death in men and the third in women. Less than 20% of cases are diagnosed in early stages, with a 5‐year survival rate of 15%. However, with a diagnosis at an early stage, survival might be as high 80%. As shown by these numbers, it is of an utmost importance to develop screening methods for high‐risk population. In 2012 it was shown that an early diagnosis of LC through low‐radiation CT compared to conventional radiology decreased mortality by 20%. In order to increase profit and diminish risk and reduce costs, patients should meet strict inclusion criteria. Biomarkers might be a helpful tool. The analysis of the exhaled breath is of special interest. It is a noninvasive technique that analyzes patients’ breath samples and aims to discriminate between subjects with and without LC. It has been observed that exhaled breath compounds differ in patients with and without LC. Although these results are very encouraging, the lack of standardization regarding sample collection, the use of supplies, technical and analytical method, and compounds with greater discriminatory power, make it difficult to compare results...
Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer death in men and the third in women. Less than 20% of cases are diagnosed in early stages, with a 5‐year survival rate of 15%. However, with a diagnosis at an early stage, survival might be as high 80%. As shown by these numbers, it is of an utmost importance to develop screening methods for high‐risk population. In 2012 it was shown that an early diagnosis of LC through low‐radiation CT compared to conventional radiology decreased mortality by 20%. In order to increase profit and diminish risk and reduce costs, patients should meet strict inclusion criteria. Biomarkers might be a helpful tool. The analysis of the exhaled breath is of special interest. It is a noninvasive technique that analyzes patients’ breath samples and aims to discriminate between subjects with and without LC. It has been observed that exhaled breath compounds differ in patients with and without LC. Although these results are very encouraging, the lack of standardization regarding sample collection, the use of supplies, technical and analytical method, and compounds with greater discriminatory power, make it difficult to compare results...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular I, leída el 17-11-2015