Publication: El parlamento abierto. La influencia de la tecnología en la evolución de la institución parlamentaria
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2017-06-06
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Desde la aparición de Internet, los hábitos y comportamientos de los ciudadanos han evolucionado: la sociedad tiene más acceso a la información y mayor capacidad para pedir cuentas a las instituciones. Estos cambios tecnológicos influyen también sobre las instituciones jurídicas y, en especial, sobre el Parlamento. La irrupción de la tecnología se produce sobre una institución parlamentaria que, según la opinión mayoritaria de la doctrina, se encuentra en crisis por las insuficiencias del sistema representativo y su escasa adaptación al nuevo entorno social y político. Las tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (tecnologías basadas en Internet: TIC) se han ido incorporando de forma progresiva al funcionamiento de la democracia, (fenómeno denominado por varios autores como “ciberdemocracia”). Aunque la valoración acerca de si la tecnología puede contribuir al fortalecimiento de la democracia es diversa por parte de los autores, las TIC son una realidad que se ha incorporado ya a diversos aspectos de la vida política. La utilización de las TIC por parte de la administración en los procedimientos administrativos, y en especial en las formas de interactuar con los ciudadanos (que se ha denominado gobierno electrónico), ha despertado nuevas exigencias de los ciudadanos hacia las instituciones. Junto a la exigencia lógica de utilizar las herramientas para mejorar la eficacia de los organismos públicos, está la reclamación y demanda de que éstos conviertan en instituciones abiertas. Esta apertura se concreta en conseguir que en su funcionamiento sean transparentes, que permitan formas de participación ciudadana, y que busquen la colaboración de todos los ámbitos de la vida social. Esta es la teoría política denominada “Gobierno Abierto”, que se presenta como la propuesta más completa hasta la fecha de cómo aplicar las TIC al funcionamiento de la democracia...
Since the advent of the Internet, the behavior of citizens have evolved: the society has more access to information and is more able to hold institutions accountable. These technological changes - which have affected the society very significantly-- have its influence also on legal institutions and, in particular, the Parliament. The emergence of technology occurs on a parliamentary institution which, according to the majority opinion of the more important authors, is in crisis due to the inadequacies of the representative system and its poor adaptation to the new social and political environment. ICT (Information and communicatios technologies or Internet based technologies) have progressively entered into the operation of the democracy, (a phenomenon called "cyberdemocracy" by several authors). Although the assessment about whether technology can contribute to the strengthening of democracy is different by the authors, ICTs are a reality that has already joined various aspects of political life. The use of ICT by the Administration in administrative procedures, and in particular in the interaction with citizens (who has been called e-Government), has raised new demands of citizens towards institutions. Together with the logical requirement of citizens to improve the effectiveness of public bodies by means of using the new tools, is the demand for these institutions to become "open". This "openness" is explicit when its operations is made transparent, allowing ways for citizen participation, and seeking the cooperation of all areas of social life. This is known as "Open government", which is presented as the most comprehensive proposal to date of how applying ICTs to the operation of democracy...
Since the advent of the Internet, the behavior of citizens have evolved: the society has more access to information and is more able to hold institutions accountable. These technological changes - which have affected the society very significantly-- have its influence also on legal institutions and, in particular, the Parliament. The emergence of technology occurs on a parliamentary institution which, according to the majority opinion of the more important authors, is in crisis due to the inadequacies of the representative system and its poor adaptation to the new social and political environment. ICT (Information and communicatios technologies or Internet based technologies) have progressively entered into the operation of the democracy, (a phenomenon called "cyberdemocracy" by several authors). Although the assessment about whether technology can contribute to the strengthening of democracy is different by the authors, ICTs are a reality that has already joined various aspects of political life. The use of ICT by the Administration in administrative procedures, and in particular in the interaction with citizens (who has been called e-Government), has raised new demands of citizens towards institutions. Together with the logical requirement of citizens to improve the effectiveness of public bodies by means of using the new tools, is the demand for these institutions to become "open". This "openness" is explicit when its operations is made transparent, allowing ways for citizen participation, and seeking the cooperation of all areas of social life. This is known as "Open government", which is presented as the most comprehensive proposal to date of how applying ICTs to the operation of democracy...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Derecho, Departamento de Derecho Constitucional, leída el 15-12-2015