Publication: La imposibilidad sobrevenida de cumplimiento del "Ius Cogens superveniens" como causa de terminación de tratados
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2017-06-09
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Pocos han sido los aportes específicos y especializados sobre la relación de las normas imperativas sobrevenidas con los Tratados que se le enfrentan. Ninguna de las discusiones del ius cogens superviniens, apoyando o no su exigibilidad y justiciabilidad, se han referido al efecto práctico que la figura en cuestión genera en el presente y en el futuro, tanto en el Derecho Internacional como en los ordenamientos domésticos. En este ámbito, cabe mencionar que apenas se ha hecho hincapié en cómo hacer operativa la posibilidad de terminar un Tratado cuando contraviene la referida normativa imperativa, recogida en el artículo 64 de la Convención de Viena de Derecho de los Tratados del año 1969. Es por ello que en el Reporte de la Comisión de Derecho Internacional de agosto de 2014, se le ha dedicado especial importancia a este tema. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, a lo largo de cinco capítulos nuestra investigación se centra en determinar los elementos cruciales que hacen operativo, conforme el Derecho Internacional y el Derecho interno, el artículo 64 de la CVDT. Siendo este nuestro norte y enfocados en aportar nuevos criterios a un tema nunca antes abordado desde esta perspectiva, pusimos a prueba, en el escenario práctico, las correspondientes líneas de pensamiento conforme al desarrollo doctrinal y jurisprudencial que, a nivel internacional y comparado, existen hasta el momento sobre la materia. Así, iniciamos explorando y analizando las decisiones de los tribunales internacionales y domésticos que han tenido la oportunidad de referirse a lo que debe considerarse ―Tratado‖ (Capítulo I) para poder evaluar si otras fuentes del Derecho Internacional u otras actuaciones no reguladas por la CVDT podrían estar sujetas al control del artículo 64 de la CVDT...
There have been few specific and specialized contributions about the relationship between imperative norms and Treaties. In particular, controversies concerning the jus cogens superveniens have mainly referred to the practical effect that this figure creates. However, article 64 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties of 1969 (VCLT) and other rules have emphasized, though scarcely, on how to terminate a Treaty when it contravenes the previously mentioned peremptory norms. The referred situation clarifies why the International Law Commission -in its Report of August of 2014- has devoted special attention to this issue. Considering the above, our investigation -throughout five chapters- focuses on the crucial elements that make operative article 64 of the VCLT, as well as on the new criteria that must be contemplated on the field, which has been weakly approached thus far. Considering these facts, we tested, in a practical scenery, the corresponding positions according to the jurisprudential and doctrinal development -in the international and comparative scope- that exist to date on the referred subject. Thus, we must point out that, firstly, we explored and analyzed decisions rendered by international and domestic courts that have referred to what we should understand by ―Treaty‖ (Chapter I) in order to evaluate if other sources of International Law or any other acts not regulated by the VCLT can be subjected to article 64 of the VCLT...
There have been few specific and specialized contributions about the relationship between imperative norms and Treaties. In particular, controversies concerning the jus cogens superveniens have mainly referred to the practical effect that this figure creates. However, article 64 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties of 1969 (VCLT) and other rules have emphasized, though scarcely, on how to terminate a Treaty when it contravenes the previously mentioned peremptory norms. The referred situation clarifies why the International Law Commission -in its Report of August of 2014- has devoted special attention to this issue. Considering the above, our investigation -throughout five chapters- focuses on the crucial elements that make operative article 64 of the VCLT, as well as on the new criteria that must be contemplated on the field, which has been weakly approached thus far. Considering these facts, we tested, in a practical scenery, the corresponding positions according to the jurisprudential and doctrinal development -in the international and comparative scope- that exist to date on the referred subject. Thus, we must point out that, firstly, we explored and analyzed decisions rendered by international and domestic courts that have referred to what we should understand by ―Treaty‖ (Chapter I) in order to evaluate if other sources of International Law or any other acts not regulated by the VCLT can be subjected to article 64 of the VCLT...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Derecho, leída el 05-02-2016