Publication: Globalización, seguridad alimentaria y seguridad jurídica . A propósito del régimen jurídico global aplicable a los ilícitos alimentarios y a las plantas medicinales. Aspectos éticos, regulatorios y de protección de la propiedad industrial e intelectual
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2017-06-13
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Esta tesis tiene como objeto principal el reexamen, desde la perspectiva del Derecho Administrativo, de la situación actual del derecho de la salud y del derecho alimentario, en relación especialmente a dos sectores donde el marco regulatorio dista de ser uniforme sin haberse alcanzado aún una posición unánime entre la doctrina sobre cómo abordar su regulación: la definición jurídica de las prácticas fraudulentas alimentarias y el régimen jurídico aplicable a determinadas especies vegetales cuya comercialización queda a caballo entre el derecho farmacéutico y alimentario. Completa este análisis el estudio de un elemento que no ha encontrado eco habitual en los estudios jurídicos: las normas éticas que devienen disposiciones imperativas, no en cuanto principios rectores de derecho natural sino precisamente por su positivización en el Derecho administrativo especial, como por ejemplo la figura del donante altruista de la Ley 30/1979, de 27 de octubre, sobre extracción y trasplante de órganos. Todas estas cuestiones se alinean con el espíritu del programa de Doctorado que acoge esta Tesis, "Problemas actuales de derecho administrativo", en cuanto el derecho a la salud, y por ende el alimentario, se consideran parte del derecho administrativo especial y desde ese prisma se abordan. Desde este concreto punto de partida y partiendo de la visión del eminente profesor y académico D. Eduardo García de Enterría, para quien la seguridad jurídica, recogida en el art. 9.3 CE como principio constitucional, era una exigencia social inexcusable y constantemente deficiente que no debía conducir sensu contrario a la “inflación incontenible de las normas”, se analiza la situación actual del “exceso regulatorio” que impregna parte del desarrollo normativo en el derecho alimentario y su remediación, recogiendo aquí los vientos favorables que a favor de su racionalización soplan en la actualidad desde la Unión Europea. A juicio del recordado Profesor García de Enterría, (Justicia y seguridad jurídica en un mundo de leyes desbocadas. Cuadernos Civitas, 1999), esta situación inflacionaria bien podría haberse corregido con una adecuada codificación –inconclusa, recordando a la Comisión General de Codificación- cuyo ejemplo más notable, destacaba, es el sistema de leyes federales de Estados Unidos. De este postulado trae causa esta tesis para abordar la codificación del Derecho administrativo interno a cuyo estudio consagra el capitulo primero, dedicado a la racionalización de norma y al estudio comparado de la codificación en el sistema americano, utilizando como ejemplo el desarrollo de la legislación sobre alimentos y medicamentos, la conocida Food, Drug & Cosmetics Act, que se complementa con la Ley de Modernización de Seguridad Alimentaria, FSMA de 2011 y los poderes ejecutivos que dimanan de ella. Introduce también este capítulo las actuales iniciativas del Parlamento Europeo y de la Comisión Europea para acotar la producción normativa en el campo del derecho agrario o alimentario, a través de las iniciativas tales como la denominada Better Regulation, una de las prioridades de la nueva Comisión, que coinciden también desde la perspectiva histórica, con las propuestas de racionalización de nuestra legislación alimentaria...
This Thesis has as main objective the review, from an administrative law perspective, the current situation of the right to health and the right to food, particularly as regards two sectors where the regulatory framework is far from being uniform without having yet reached a unanimous position at the academia level on how to address them: the legal definition of fraudulent practices, and the legal regime applicable to certain botanicals whose marketing is in the borderline between the pharmaceutical and food law. This analysis is fulfilled with the study of elements which have not been usually echoed in legal studies: Ethical standards which become mandatory rules, not as guiding principles of natural justice but precisely because of being wording in administrative legal text, such as, f.i., the preference of the deceased donor on the living one, as set up in the Spanish Law 30/1979, of 27 October, on extraction and transplantation of organs. All those issues are aligned with the spirit of the doctoral programme under which this thesis has been developed, “Current problems on administrative law’, which covers health and, food law as specialized administrative laws. From this particular starting point, the academic vision of eminent Professor Eduardo Garcia de Enterría, for whom the legal certainty established in Article 9.3 EC as a constitutional principle, responds to a widespread society demand which should not lead to gold- plating practices or "overwhelming inflation standards’, the Thesis analyses the present situation of “gold-plating” which characterises the legislative development in the food law sector and their corrective measures taking on board the positive momentum for rationalisation from the European Union. According to Professor García de Enterría paper (Justicia y seguridad juridica en un mundo de leyes desbocadas. Cuadernos Civitas, 1999), this situation could have been corrected with the appropriate codification measures — which remains unfinished on the hands of the Spanish General Commission of Codification- in line of the United States federal code system. At this respect, chapter 1 of the Thesis enshrines the need of the codification of Spanish administrative special laws through the comparative study of coding procedures in the American system, using as an example the development of the US FDCA amended by the 2011 US Food Safety Modernisation Act (FSMA) as well of the implementing powers set up by law. This chapter introduces also the existing initiatives of the European Parliament and European Commission to rationalise the regulation of agricultural and food law, through initiatives such as the so-called Better Regulation, one of the priorities of the new Commission which also coincides on an historical perspective with the Prof. Garcia de Enterria' position...
This Thesis has as main objective the review, from an administrative law perspective, the current situation of the right to health and the right to food, particularly as regards two sectors where the regulatory framework is far from being uniform without having yet reached a unanimous position at the academia level on how to address them: the legal definition of fraudulent practices, and the legal regime applicable to certain botanicals whose marketing is in the borderline between the pharmaceutical and food law. This analysis is fulfilled with the study of elements which have not been usually echoed in legal studies: Ethical standards which become mandatory rules, not as guiding principles of natural justice but precisely because of being wording in administrative legal text, such as, f.i., the preference of the deceased donor on the living one, as set up in the Spanish Law 30/1979, of 27 October, on extraction and transplantation of organs. All those issues are aligned with the spirit of the doctoral programme under which this thesis has been developed, “Current problems on administrative law’, which covers health and, food law as specialized administrative laws. From this particular starting point, the academic vision of eminent Professor Eduardo Garcia de Enterría, for whom the legal certainty established in Article 9.3 EC as a constitutional principle, responds to a widespread society demand which should not lead to gold- plating practices or "overwhelming inflation standards’, the Thesis analyses the present situation of “gold-plating” which characterises the legislative development in the food law sector and their corrective measures taking on board the positive momentum for rationalisation from the European Union. According to Professor García de Enterría paper (Justicia y seguridad juridica en un mundo de leyes desbocadas. Cuadernos Civitas, 1999), this situation could have been corrected with the appropriate codification measures — which remains unfinished on the hands of the Spanish General Commission of Codification- in line of the United States federal code system. At this respect, chapter 1 of the Thesis enshrines the need of the codification of Spanish administrative special laws through the comparative study of coding procedures in the American system, using as an example the development of the US FDCA amended by the 2011 US Food Safety Modernisation Act (FSMA) as well of the implementing powers set up by law. This chapter introduces also the existing initiatives of the European Parliament and European Commission to rationalise the regulation of agricultural and food law, through initiatives such as the so-called Better Regulation, one of the priorities of the new Commission which also coincides on an historical perspective with the Prof. Garcia de Enterria' position...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Derecho, Departamento de Derecho Administrativo, leída el 22-01-2016