Publication: Crisis, libertad y representación política en el pensamiento de Hannah Arendt: aplicación al análisis del movimiento 15-M como respuesta a la crisis económica en el Estado español
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2017-06-14
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La investigación aborda la problemática de la crisis económica en el Estado español y de su crítica, el movimiento social de masas 15-M, entendida como necesaria respuesta a esa crisis sistémica. Su surgimiento transforma la crisis económica en una crisis política. Cuestionar la relación suficiente y necesaria entre crítica y crisis es el objetivo de partida de la tesis, el cual se relaciona con las derivas metodológicas en las ciencias sociales que condicionan nuestra interpretación. Este análisis se enmarca en las ideas de Hannah Arendt y de otros pensamientos que entendemos relacionados con su forma de entender la política. Desde ellos se reflexiona sobre la evolución del concepto “crisis” y su analogía con el nacimiento de la filosofía de la historia. Posteriormente se explica la disputa entre verdad y política como antesala del relato sobre nuestra tradición política y revolucionaria, que da paso a la disección de los otros dos conceptos clave: “libertad” y “representación”, así como su parentesco con el moderno triunfo del animal laborans y la conexión inveterada entre poder y violencia. Luego se contextualiza el 15-M en su momento histórico, su relevancia, los cambios provocados por su irrupción y cómo ha sido interpretado, principalmente desde teorías constructivistas. Para finalizar, se emplea el análisis de los citados conceptos arendtianos para hacer una lectura del movimiento social, explicando cómo se ha visto influido por la tradición política occidental. En último término, se cuestiona el devenir actual marcado por la urgencia histórica y las nuevas representaciones políticas, así como la incidencia que han tenido en el seno del 15-M. A lo largo de este recorrido se plantean argumentos que nos conducen a la conclusión de que nos encontramos ante una crisis de la crítica, de la representación, del lenguaje a través del cual tenemos que nombrar, que es precisamente la que otorga a la crisis misma su sentido y su poder, mientras que esta sigue apareciendo como resultado de un proceso en buena medida autonomizado e ilegítimo pero que solo nosotros podemos hacer real, legitimamos.
The research approaches the problem of economic crisis and its criticism, the social movement 15-M, understood as a necessary opposition to that systemic crisis. The emergence of 15-M transforms the economic crisis into a political one. The thesis starts challenging the necessary relationship between criticsm and crisis, that it ́s related to methological drifting in social sciences which determines our interpretation. This analysis is framed with Hannah Arendt ́s ideas and other related thoughts to her approach to politics. From that point the thesis examines the evolution of “crisis” concept and its analogy with the birth of the philosophy of history. Subsequently, it explains the argument between truth and politics as a prelude to the history of our political and revolutionary tradition, which leads an in-depth study of the other two key concepts: “freedom” and “representation”, as well as its relationship with the modern victory of animal laborans and the inveterate connection between power and violence. Therefore, research contextualizes 15-M in its historical moment, its importance, the changes affected to its irruption and how it has been interpreted, mainly from constructivist theories. Finally, the thesis uses the analysis of those Arendtian concepts to read the social movement, explaining how it has been influenced by Western political tradition. At the end, the current evolution is marked by the historical urgency and the new political representations, as well as the impact they had within 15-M. Throughout this journey many ideas lead us to the conclusion that we are facing a crisis of criticism, representation and crisis of the language that we should name. It ́s precisely the hidden meaning and power of crisis itself, while it still appears as a result of an independent and illegitimate process, but we are the ones who make it real. We legitimize it.
The research approaches the problem of economic crisis and its criticism, the social movement 15-M, understood as a necessary opposition to that systemic crisis. The emergence of 15-M transforms the economic crisis into a political one. The thesis starts challenging the necessary relationship between criticsm and crisis, that it ́s related to methological drifting in social sciences which determines our interpretation. This analysis is framed with Hannah Arendt ́s ideas and other related thoughts to her approach to politics. From that point the thesis examines the evolution of “crisis” concept and its analogy with the birth of the philosophy of history. Subsequently, it explains the argument between truth and politics as a prelude to the history of our political and revolutionary tradition, which leads an in-depth study of the other two key concepts: “freedom” and “representation”, as well as its relationship with the modern victory of animal laborans and the inveterate connection between power and violence. Therefore, research contextualizes 15-M in its historical moment, its importance, the changes affected to its irruption and how it has been interpreted, mainly from constructivist theories. Finally, the thesis uses the analysis of those Arendtian concepts to read the social movement, explaining how it has been influenced by Western political tradition. At the end, the current evolution is marked by the historical urgency and the new political representations, as well as the impact they had within 15-M. Throughout this journey many ideas lead us to the conclusion that we are facing a crisis of criticism, representation and crisis of the language that we should name. It ́s precisely the hidden meaning and power of crisis itself, while it still appears as a result of an independent and illegitimate process, but we are the ones who make it real. We legitimize it.
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociología, Departamento de Sociología III (Estructura Social) (Sociología de la Educación), leída el 11/02/2016