Publication: Factores cognitivos conductuales y sociales para la prevención del tabaquismo
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2017-06-15
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
El proyecto ESFA (The European Smoking prevention Framework Approach), o Enfoque del Marco Europeo para la Prevención del consumo de Tabaco, se desarrolló en seis países europeos, con actividades de intervención para los adolescentes, las escuelas y los padres, incluyendo actividades en el ámbito comunitario, fuera de la escuela. Los encuentros o las reuniones de consenso entre los países dieron lugar a los acuerdos consensuados sobre las metas, los objetivos y los fundamentos teóricos. También se incluyeron los objetivos específicos de cada país. Las diversidades nacionales requirieron métodos específicos para la consecución de las metas y objetivos. El proceso de la intervención comunitaria se utiliza en el diseño de la investigación. Desde que las intervenciones tuvieron lugar en el nivel de comunitario, las regiones o comunidades fueron asignadas al azar a las condiciones experimental o de control. La aleatorización completa se logró en cuatro países. Al inicio del estudio, la prevalencia del tabaquismo de la muestra de 23125 adolescentes en el inicio del proyecto fue de 5,6% para el tabaquismo regular o habitual (al menos una vez a la semana) y 4,0% para el consumo diario de tabaco. Las tasas de la prevalencia de tabaquismo eran más altas entre las niñas que entre los niños en todos los países en lo que se refiere a consumo de tabaco semanal. Las evaluaciones del proceso revelaron que las ambiciones del proyecto eran altas, pero quedaron limitas por diversas restricciones, incluyendo el tiempo y los retrasos en la recepción de los fondos. Los futuros proyectos de prevención del tabaquismo deben tratar de identificar los componentes eficaces dentro del enfoque de la influencia social, así como dentro de enfoques más amplios y alcanzar efectos concluyentes corroborados.
A smoking prevention project in six European countries (European Smoking prevention Framework Approach) was developed, featuring activities for adolescents, schools and parents, including out-of-school activities. Consensus meetings resulted in agreement between the countries on goals, objectives and theoretical methods. Countries' specific objectives were also included. National diversities required country-specific methods to realize the goals and objectives. The community intervention trial was used as the research design. Since interventions took place at the community level, communities or regions were allocated at random to the experimental or control conditions. Complete randomization was achieved in four countries. At baseline, smoking prevalence among 23 125 adolescents at the start of the project was 5.6% for regular smoking and 4.0% for daily smoking. Smoking prevalence rates were higher among girls than boys in all countries as far as weekly smoking was concerned. Process evaluations revealed that the project's ambitions were high, but were limited by various constraints including time and delays in receiving funds. Future smoking prevention projects should aim to identify the effective components within the social influence approach as well as within broader approaches and on reaching sustained effects.
A smoking prevention project in six European countries (European Smoking prevention Framework Approach) was developed, featuring activities for adolescents, schools and parents, including out-of-school activities. Consensus meetings resulted in agreement between the countries on goals, objectives and theoretical methods. Countries' specific objectives were also included. National diversities required country-specific methods to realize the goals and objectives. The community intervention trial was used as the research design. Since interventions took place at the community level, communities or regions were allocated at random to the experimental or control conditions. Complete randomization was achieved in four countries. At baseline, smoking prevalence among 23 125 adolescents at the start of the project was 5.6% for regular smoking and 4.0% for daily smoking. Smoking prevalence rates were higher among girls than boys in all countries as far as weekly smoking was concerned. Process evaluations revealed that the project's ambitions were high, but were limited by various constraints including time and delays in receiving funds. Future smoking prevention projects should aim to identify the effective components within the social influence approach as well as within broader approaches and on reaching sustained effects.
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Psicología, Sección Departamental de Psicología Evolutiva y de la Educación, leída el 01/02/2016