Publication: Correlatos neurales de la privación visual a corto plazo en humanos durante tareas de memoria háptica: un estudio EEG/ERP
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2017-06-21
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
De acuerdo con Pascual-Leone y Hamilton (2001), el cerebro podría estar organizado según una estructura metamodal en la que diferentes áreas serían capaces de procesar información independientemente de la modalidad sensorial con la que fue percibida. Según esta hipótesis, existirían conexiones neurales entre modalidades sensoriales que permanecen en estado latente mientras otras áreas corticales específicas serían las encargadas de procesar información obtenida mediante una determinada modalidad sensorial. No obstante, el transcurso de situaciones de privación visual permite revelar la existencia de dichas conexiones latentes (Pascual-Leone y Hamilton, 2001) y producir cambios conductuales en tareas táctiles (Kauffman y cols., 2002; Pascual-Leone y Hamilton, 2001). Por otra parte, este fenómeno también se ha descrito tras periodos muy breves de privación visual. A nivel fisiológico, un aumento en la excitabilidad del córtex visual primario (V1) asociado con una reducción del umbral de detección de fosfenos se ha observado tras tan solo 45 minutos de privación visual (Boroojerdi y cols., 2000). Además, los periodos de privación visual parecen inducir una mayor deactivación de áreas extraestriadas (V3A) y parietales (vIPS) durante el procesamiento táctil de formas bidimensionales, permitiendo un mejor rendimiento conductual (Weisser y cols., 2005). En general, estos efectos de plasticidad a corto plazo parecen guardar estrecha relación con los cambios en la actividad GABAérgica, que se ha propuesto como una posible explicación del fenómeno (Boroojerdi y cols., 2001)...
According to Pascual-Leone and Hamilton (2001), the brain could be organized in a metamodal structure where different areas would be able to process information irrespective of the sensorial modality originally used to perceive it. In this view, neural connections between sensory cortices would usually remain in latent state since particular brain areas would be dominant for a specific modality. Nevertheless, transitory states of visual deprivation (e.g., 5 days of continuous blindfolding) may unmask these neural connections between primary sensory areas (Pascual-Leone y Hamilton, 2001), leading to behavioral benefits in tactile tasks performance (Kauffman et al., 2002; Pascual-Leone and Hamilton, 2001). Interestingly, this phenomenon has been found with even shorter periods of blindfolding. On a physiological level, an increased excitability of the primary occipital area (V1) associated with reduced phonosphene perception threshold occur just after 45 minutes of visual deprivation Boroojerdi et al. (2000). In addition, short-term visual deprivation seems to induce stronger deactivation in extraestriate (V3A) and parietal regions (vIPS) during the processing of tactile 2D shapes (Weisser et al., 2005). Furthermore, this deactivation has been related to an enhanced behavioral performance (Weisser et al., 2005). Gabaergic modulations are supposed to be responsible for this short-term plastic effect (Boroojerdi et al., 2001)...
According to Pascual-Leone and Hamilton (2001), the brain could be organized in a metamodal structure where different areas would be able to process information irrespective of the sensorial modality originally used to perceive it. In this view, neural connections between sensory cortices would usually remain in latent state since particular brain areas would be dominant for a specific modality. Nevertheless, transitory states of visual deprivation (e.g., 5 days of continuous blindfolding) may unmask these neural connections between primary sensory areas (Pascual-Leone y Hamilton, 2001), leading to behavioral benefits in tactile tasks performance (Kauffman et al., 2002; Pascual-Leone and Hamilton, 2001). Interestingly, this phenomenon has been found with even shorter periods of blindfolding. On a physiological level, an increased excitability of the primary occipital area (V1) associated with reduced phonosphene perception threshold occur just after 45 minutes of visual deprivation Boroojerdi et al. (2000). In addition, short-term visual deprivation seems to induce stronger deactivation in extraestriate (V3A) and parietal regions (vIPS) during the processing of tactile 2D shapes (Weisser et al., 2005). Furthermore, this deactivation has been related to an enhanced behavioral performance (Weisser et al., 2005). Gabaergic modulations are supposed to be responsible for this short-term plastic effect (Boroojerdi et al., 2001)...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Psicología, Departamento de Psicología Básica II (Procesos Cognitivos), leída el 19-09-2016