Publication: Estudio ecofuncional de la microbiota asociada a suelos de interés vitivinícola
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2016-09
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Abstract
El suelo es el principal recurso del que disponemos para hacer frente a la creciente demanda mundial de alimentos. Las prácticas agrícolas determinan el uso sostenible del suelo para evitar procesos de desertización y aumentar el rendimiento productivo. En distintas parcelas de suelos con prácticas vitivinícolas se han estudiado las principales variables abióticas y bióticas que contribuyen a un aumento en la producción, atendiendo a los principales estados fisiológicos de la vid. En este estudio se ha determinado la Capacidad de Campo, cuyos valores oscilan entre 42,09 y 165,90 ml H2O/kg de suelo. La medida del pH determina los procesos biogeoquímicos que se cursan en el suelo, en este caso el pH está determinado por presencia de CaCO3, definiendo un suelo fuertemente alcalino. Las actividades fosfatasa y deshidrogenasa son indicadores de la actividad microbiana total del suelo, debido al pH básico, se determinó la actividad enzimática fosfatasa alcalina obteniendo valores de 31,6 mg y 132,9 PNP/kg•h, similares a los encontrados en cultivos de maíz con un pH similar. Los valores obtenidos con la actividad deshidrogenasa están en torno a una media de 44 mg INTF/kg•h, muy superior a la actividad en otros suelos agrícolas. Se ha observado una predominancia de microorganismos viables fijadores de nitrógeno alcanzando el 43% de presencia en el estado fisiológico de Lloro. El SIR durante la fase de Reposo se correlaciona linealmente con el recuento microbiano de heterótrofos (Coef. correlación=0,87). El estado fisiológico de Reposo es el que presenta mayor biodiversidad (Índice de Shannon) edáfica.
Soil is the main resource that we have to address the growing global demand for food. Agricultural practices determine sustainable land use not lead to a process of desertification and increase the production yield. In soils with viticultural practices the main abiotic and biotic variables, which contribute to a production increase, have been studied basing on the main physiological states of the vine. This study determined the field capacity, which values are between 42.09 and 165.90 ml H2O/kg of soil. pH measurement determines the biogeochemical processes that occurs in the ground, in this case the pH is determined by the presence of CaCO3, defining a strongly alkaline soil. Dehydrogenase activities and phosphatase are indicators of overall soil microbial activity due to basic pH, enzyme activity was determined by obtaining alkaline phosphatase values 31.6 132.9 mg PNP/kg of soil•h, similar to those found in corn cultures with a similar pH. The values obtained with dehydrogenase activity are around an average of INTF 44.0 mg/kg of soil•h, much higher than the activity in other agricultural soils. It has been observed a predominance of viable microorganisms nitrogen fixers reaching 43% presence in the physiological state of Cry. The SIR during the Resting phase correlates linearly with heterotrophic microbial count (Coef. Correlation = 0.87). The physiological state of Rest is the most biodiverse (Shannon Index).
Soil is the main resource that we have to address the growing global demand for food. Agricultural practices determine sustainable land use not lead to a process of desertification and increase the production yield. In soils with viticultural practices the main abiotic and biotic variables, which contribute to a production increase, have been studied basing on the main physiological states of the vine. This study determined the field capacity, which values are between 42.09 and 165.90 ml H2O/kg of soil. pH measurement determines the biogeochemical processes that occurs in the ground, in this case the pH is determined by the presence of CaCO3, defining a strongly alkaline soil. Dehydrogenase activities and phosphatase are indicators of overall soil microbial activity due to basic pH, enzyme activity was determined by obtaining alkaline phosphatase values 31.6 132.9 mg PNP/kg of soil•h, similar to those found in corn cultures with a similar pH. The values obtained with dehydrogenase activity are around an average of INTF 44.0 mg/kg of soil•h, much higher than the activity in other agricultural soils. It has been observed a predominance of viable microorganisms nitrogen fixers reaching 43% presence in the physiological state of Cry. The SIR during the Resting phase correlates linearly with heterotrophic microbial count (Coef. Correlation = 0.87). The physiological state of Rest is the most biodiverse (Shannon Index).
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Curso 2015/2016