Publication: La atrición en las lenguas de contacto: el caso de los inmigrantes españoles en Brasil
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2017-08-08
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Esta investigación se centra en la atrición lingüística contemplada como parte integrante de los cambios normales que se producen en la competencia a lo largo del tiempo (de Bot, Lowie y Verspoor, 2007; Herdina y Jessner, 2002; Köpke y Schmid, 2013). El objetivo principal es analizar los efectos experimentados por la L1 de inmigrantes españoles adultos residentes en Brasilia (Brasil) y expuestos a un contacto prolongado con la L2/portugués. Estos inmigrantes no forman una verdadera comunidad y, por tanto, no están expuestos a variedades de contacto (Köpke y Schmid, 2013). Se trata de cambio intrageneracional, que se presenta como una reducción progresiva del dominio de una L1 previamente adquirida de forma completa por individuos que emigraron pasada la pubertad y comenzaron a usar la L2 de forma intensiva, con la consecuente reducción del uso de la L1 (Gürel y Yilmaz, 2013). En general, no supone una pérdida total del conocimiento de la L1, sino convergencia con la L2. Se manifiesta en forma de interferencias interlingüísticas a todos los niveles, dificultades de acceso léxico, disfluencias y acento extranjero, entre otros fenómenos (Schmid y Jarvis, 2014). La investigación tiene como directrices las tres siguientes preguntas: I. ¿Cómo se manifiesta la atrición lingüística en los niveles léxico y morfosintáctico de la L1/español de emigrantes españoles con conocimiento del portugués/L2? II. ¿Hasta qué punto es importante en la atrición de la L1 de esos emigrantes la influencia interlingüística? Es decir, ¿son los desvíos inducidos externamente (las interferencias), más frecuentes que los desvíos promovidos internamente (formas o estructuras agramaticales no aceptadas en la lengua estándar, no atribuibles al contacto y que se pueden encontrar también en variedades monolingües) en el habla de esos emigrantes españoles en Brasil? III. Entre los factores extralingüísticos analizados (edad, duración de la emigración, educación, uso de la L1 y actitudes), ¿cuáles tienen más impacto en el proceso de atrición?...
This dissertation explores the process of first language attrition, observed as part of the normal changes that occur in linguistic competence over time (de Bot et al., 2007; Herdina and Jessner, 2002; Köpke and Schmid, 2013). The leading purpose is to analyse the effects experienced by the L1 of hispanophone Spanish adult immigrants residing in Brazil, exposed to a prolonged contact with the L2/Portuguese. Spanish immigrants in Brasilia do not form a real community, nor are they concentrated in neighbourhoods or have clubs; they have been quickly integrated in Brazilian society, disappearing as a distinct minority. They are generally isolated individuals whose contact with the L1 tends to be limited to family and friends in their homeland; hence, they are not exposed to contact varieties as it is the case in immigrant communities (Köpke and Schmid, 2013). Therefore, it is a case of intragenerational change or attrition, which is manifested as a progressive reduction of the proficiency of a previously completely acquired L1 by individuals who migrated past the age of puberty, and began to use the L2 intensively, with the consequent reduction of the use of the L1 (Gürel and Yilmaz, 2013, p. 37). In general, it does not mean a total loss of knowledge of the L1, but a displacement or convergence towards the L2. This research has the following three questions as guidelines: I. How is the linguistic attrition at lexical, morphosyntactic, and syntactic levels of the L1 of Spanish emigrants with knowledge of Portuguese as L2 manifested? II. To what extent is the cross-linguistic influence in L1 attrition of these immigrants important? Are externally induced deviations (i.e., interferences), more frequent than internally induced deviations (nonstandard forms or structures, not attributable to the contact, and which can also be found in monolingual varieties) in the speech of those Spanish emigrants in Brazil? III. Among the extralinguistic factors analysed (age, length of migration, education, use of the L1, and attitudes), which have more impact in the process of L1 attrition?...
This dissertation explores the process of first language attrition, observed as part of the normal changes that occur in linguistic competence over time (de Bot et al., 2007; Herdina and Jessner, 2002; Köpke and Schmid, 2013). The leading purpose is to analyse the effects experienced by the L1 of hispanophone Spanish adult immigrants residing in Brazil, exposed to a prolonged contact with the L2/Portuguese. Spanish immigrants in Brasilia do not form a real community, nor are they concentrated in neighbourhoods or have clubs; they have been quickly integrated in Brazilian society, disappearing as a distinct minority. They are generally isolated individuals whose contact with the L1 tends to be limited to family and friends in their homeland; hence, they are not exposed to contact varieties as it is the case in immigrant communities (Köpke and Schmid, 2013). Therefore, it is a case of intragenerational change or attrition, which is manifested as a progressive reduction of the proficiency of a previously completely acquired L1 by individuals who migrated past the age of puberty, and began to use the L2 intensively, with the consequent reduction of the use of the L1 (Gürel and Yilmaz, 2013, p. 37). In general, it does not mean a total loss of knowledge of the L1, but a displacement or convergence towards the L2. This research has the following three questions as guidelines: I. How is the linguistic attrition at lexical, morphosyntactic, and syntactic levels of the L1 of Spanish emigrants with knowledge of Portuguese as L2 manifested? II. To what extent is the cross-linguistic influence in L1 attrition of these immigrants important? Are externally induced deviations (i.e., interferences), more frequent than internally induced deviations (nonstandard forms or structures, not attributable to the contact, and which can also be found in monolingual varieties) in the speech of those Spanish emigrants in Brazil? III. Among the extralinguistic factors analysed (age, length of migration, education, use of the L1, and attitudes), which have more impact in the process of L1 attrition?...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Filología, Departamento de Lengua Española y Teoría de la Literatura y Literatura Comparada, leída el 26-09-2016