Publication: Sujeto y confianza en el primer alienismo: Étienne-Jean Georget (1795-1828)
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2017-08-16
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La pregunta que da origen a esta tesis puede formularse brevemente: ¿por qué tras el cierre de las grandes instituciones psiquiátricas el enfermo mental no es definitivamente libre? Entre otras muchas cosas, incluidos nuestros tratamientos, el enfermo mental de hoy no es libre porque se desconfía de él. El estigma asociado a la enfermedad mental se relaciona, siempre, con la desconfianza. Incluso cuando pretende encomiarse su figura como genial, el “loco” es siempre “imprevisible”. Resulta paradójico que la psiquiatría, especialidad mucho más antigua que otras, sea la única incapaz de emitir un pronóstico seguro para la gran mayoría de los trastornos que dice tratar. Situación que se agrava con el incremento en el número de diagnósticos, tendencia que siguen los manuales de psiquiatría aceptados por la comunidad científica. Ha sido el problema del pronóstico el que nos ha llevado a considerar que las limitaciones de la psiquiatría en este campo no son fruto de la casualidad ni del insuficiente avance de la ciencia. Creemos que el problema es interno, pertenece a la propia psiquiatría. Y que tiene por resultado que la psiquiatría parece que siempre acaba generando desconfianza: en la sociedad, en su propia capacidad para curar, y, fundamentalmente en el paciente, al que convierte en imprevisible. Partiendo de esta preocupación, quisimos comprobar si un estudio de los orígenes históricos de la psiquiatría pueda ayudarnos a comprenderlo y, por tanto, a cambiar en algo la situación actual...
This work starts with one question: why mentally ill are not more free since big psychiatric institutions have been closed years ago? We don’t trut in mentally ill. Among other reasons, because our own way of treat their condition. And the result is that they loose freedom in some way. Stigma binding mental illnes depends always on mistrust. Even if we praise the image of madman as a genius, we always think on him as unforeseeable. Pychiatry is older than other medical specialities, but paradoxically it’s the only one that is almost in all cases unable to set a reliable prognosis. This situation gets evenworse since the amount of diagnostics has increased in last editions of mainly accepted pychiatry manuals. Departing from this point of view, we wanted to verify if studying historical origins of psychiatry could help to understand it and, therefore, we may change in some way the current situation. 2. SUBJECT To trace historical roots of this problema, we choosed the restricted context of alienism’s emergence at the end of the XVIIIth century in France. For us, french example is the most homogeneous and the clearer, and thus our task will be easier. The very target of the thesis is a historical research of the roots of the problema, and will require some evidences to support our idea. We will try to find them in an important figure: Étienne-Jean Georget (1795-1828), pupil of Jean-Étienne-Dominique Esquirol (1772-1840) and also of Philippe Pinel (1745-1826). Georget protagonised some moments that are considered crucial by most psychiatry historians...
This work starts with one question: why mentally ill are not more free since big psychiatric institutions have been closed years ago? We don’t trut in mentally ill. Among other reasons, because our own way of treat their condition. And the result is that they loose freedom in some way. Stigma binding mental illnes depends always on mistrust. Even if we praise the image of madman as a genius, we always think on him as unforeseeable. Pychiatry is older than other medical specialities, but paradoxically it’s the only one that is almost in all cases unable to set a reliable prognosis. This situation gets evenworse since the amount of diagnostics has increased in last editions of mainly accepted pychiatry manuals. Departing from this point of view, we wanted to verify if studying historical origins of psychiatry could help to understand it and, therefore, we may change in some way the current situation. 2. SUBJECT To trace historical roots of this problema, we choosed the restricted context of alienism’s emergence at the end of the XVIIIth century in France. For us, french example is the most homogeneous and the clearer, and thus our task will be easier. The very target of the thesis is a historical research of the roots of the problema, and will require some evidences to support our idea. We will try to find them in an important figure: Étienne-Jean Georget (1795-1828), pupil of Jean-Étienne-Dominique Esquirol (1772-1840) and also of Philippe Pinel (1745-1826). Georget protagonised some moments that are considered crucial by most psychiatry historians...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina, leída el 03-02-2016