Publication: Estudio de la eficacia de la determinación del plomo en sangre como valor predictivo en el estudio de la masa ósea
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2017-08-25
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
El plomo es uno de los metales pesados más abundantes en la corteza terrestre. Se ha utilizado desde tiempos prehistóricos, y ha sido ampliamente distribuido y movilizado en el medio ambiente. La exposición tanto ambiental como ocupacional siguen siendo un problema grave en muchos países en desarrollo y en proceso de industrialización. En los países más desarrollados, sin embargo, el plomo en el medio ambiente ha disminuido en los últimos años, en gran parte debido a las campañas de salud pública y a la prohibición del uso de gasolina con plomo. La intoxicación aguda por plomo actualmente es poco frecuentes en esos países, pero la exposición crónica a bajos niveles sigue siendo un problema de salud pública, especialmente entre algunas minorías y grupos en desventaja socioeconómica. La exposición al plomo y los productos químicos de plomo puede ocurrir a través de la ingestión, inhalación y contacto dérmico ocasional. En la población general se produce principalmente por la ingesta de alimentos contaminados con plomo o agua potable. La inhalación es la segunda vía de exposición, y puede ser el mayor contribuyente a los trabajadores expuestos al plomo laboralmente. El plomo es transportado por la sangre a los tejidos blandos, donde permanece durante períodos cortos y finalmente se deposita en el tejido óseo. Aproximadamente > 90% de la carga corporal de plomo se acumula en el esqueleto óseo...
Lead is the most abundant of the heavy metals in the Earth’s crust. It has been used since prehistoric times, and has become widely distributed and mobilized in the environment. Both occupational and environmental exposures to lead remain a serious problem in many developing and industrializing countries, as well as in some developed countries. In most developed countries, however, introduction of lead into the human environment has decreased in recent years, largely due to public health campaigns and a decline in its commercial usage, particularly in petrol. Acute lead poisoning has become rare in such countries, but chronic exposure to low levels of the metal is still a public health issue, especially among some minorities and socioeconomically disadvantaged groups. Exposure to lead and lead chemicals can occur through ingestión, inhalation or occasionally dermal contact. In the general population, it occurs primarily through ingestión via lead-contaminated food or drinking water. Inhalation is the second major pathway os expositure and may be the major contributor for occupationally leadexposed workers. Lead is transported by blood to soft tissues, where it remains for short periods and is finally deposited in bone tissue. As >90% of the body lead burden accumulates in the skeleton. The half-life of lead in bone is in the range of years to decades, depending on bone type, metabolic state, and subject age, among other things...
Lead is the most abundant of the heavy metals in the Earth’s crust. It has been used since prehistoric times, and has become widely distributed and mobilized in the environment. Both occupational and environmental exposures to lead remain a serious problem in many developing and industrializing countries, as well as in some developed countries. In most developed countries, however, introduction of lead into the human environment has decreased in recent years, largely due to public health campaigns and a decline in its commercial usage, particularly in petrol. Acute lead poisoning has become rare in such countries, but chronic exposure to low levels of the metal is still a public health issue, especially among some minorities and socioeconomically disadvantaged groups. Exposure to lead and lead chemicals can occur through ingestión, inhalation or occasionally dermal contact. In the general population, it occurs primarily through ingestión via lead-contaminated food or drinking water. Inhalation is the second major pathway os expositure and may be the major contributor for occupationally leadexposed workers. Lead is transported by blood to soft tissues, where it remains for short periods and is finally deposited in bone tissue. As >90% of the body lead burden accumulates in the skeleton. The half-life of lead in bone is in the range of years to decades, depending on bone type, metabolic state, and subject age, among other things...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Medicina, leída el 04-02-2016