Publication: Características sociodemográficas, clínicas y conductuales de los nuevos diagnósticos de infección por el VIH en el centro sanitario Sandoval (2007-2012)
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2017-09-04
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
El VIH se descubrió en 1983 y en 1981 los primeros casos de SIDA. En 1986 se acordó la denominación final del virus. El VIH pertenece a la familia de los Lentivirus y se clasifica en dos tipos: VIH-1 y VIH-2. En los pacientes recién diagnosticados del VIH, entre 2007-2012, la vía de transmisión predominante fue la sexual. El perfil de los hombres y mujeres es totalmente diferente. Los hombres se han infectado por relaciones homosexuales y las mujeres por relaciones heterosexuales. En los hombres destaca la alta incidencia de otras ITS, de localización rectal, al diagnóstico del VIH y un elevado consumo de alcohol y otras drogas recreativas. Las mujeres presentan una escasa incidencia de otras ITS y escaso consumo de tóxicos. La prevalencia del VIH es muy baja en el colectivo de mujeres que ejercen prostitución. La prevalencia del VIH y otras ITS es muy elevada entre los trabajadores del sexo, masculinos y transexuales, la mayoría extranjeros y consumidores habituales de tóxicos. El consumo excesivo de alcohol y otras drogas recreativas se asocia con la transmisión del VIH y otras ITS. Las tasas de diagnóstico tardío y enfermedad avanzada del VIH en el Centro Sanitario Sandoval son mucho más bajas que las observadas en la Comunidad de Madrid, en España y Europa. Es fundamental la realización de un despistaje de otras ITS en los pacientes recién diagnosticados del VIH. La elevada incidencia del VIH y otras ITS entre los hombres que practican sexo con otros hombres, refleja la urgente necesidad de implementar nuevas y más específicas intervenciones preventivas ajustadas al perfil de los pacientes recién diagnosticados del VIH.
HIV was discovered in 1983, two years after of the reporting of the first cases of AIDS. The name of HIV was finally adopted in 1986. HIV belongs to the Lentivirus family and is classified into two types: HIV-1 and HIV-2. In patients newly diagnosed to HIV infection between 2007-2012, the predominant mechanism of transmission was the sexual one. The profile of men and women newly diagnosed to HIV infection is totally different. Men have been infected by homosexual relations and women by heterosexual. It is important to emphasize the high incidence of other STIs with rectal location in men and the high use of alcohol and other recreational drugs. Women have a low incidence of other STIs and low consumption of toxics. The HIV prevalence in the group of women engaged in prostitution is very low. The HIV prevalence and incidence of STIs is very high among sex workers, male and transgender people, mostly foreigners and toxic users. The high use of alcohol and other recreational drugs is associated with the HIV and other STIs transmission. Rates of late diagnosis and advanced HIV disease in Sandoval health centre are much lower than those seen in the Comunidad de Madrid, in Spain and Europe. Performing a screening for other sexually transmitted infections in patients newly HIV diagnosed is essential. The high incidence of HIV and other STIs among men who have sex with men reflects the urgent need to implement new and more specific preventive interventions adjusted to profile of patients newly diagnosed to HIV infection.
HIV was discovered in 1983, two years after of the reporting of the first cases of AIDS. The name of HIV was finally adopted in 1986. HIV belongs to the Lentivirus family and is classified into two types: HIV-1 and HIV-2. In patients newly diagnosed to HIV infection between 2007-2012, the predominant mechanism of transmission was the sexual one. The profile of men and women newly diagnosed to HIV infection is totally different. Men have been infected by homosexual relations and women by heterosexual. It is important to emphasize the high incidence of other STIs with rectal location in men and the high use of alcohol and other recreational drugs. Women have a low incidence of other STIs and low consumption of toxics. The HIV prevalence in the group of women engaged in prostitution is very low. The HIV prevalence and incidence of STIs is very high among sex workers, male and transgender people, mostly foreigners and toxic users. The high use of alcohol and other recreational drugs is associated with the HIV and other STIs transmission. Rates of late diagnosis and advanced HIV disease in Sandoval health centre are much lower than those seen in the Comunidad de Madrid, in Spain and Europe. Performing a screening for other sexually transmitted infections in patients newly HIV diagnosed is essential. The high incidence of HIV and other STIs among men who have sex with men reflects the urgent need to implement new and more specific preventive interventions adjusted to profile of patients newly diagnosed to HIV infection.
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiología, leída el 21-01-2016