Publication: Análisis geomorfológico y modelización de los desprendimientos rocosos en la ciudad de Segovia y su entorno
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2017-06-28
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Abstract
El emplazamiento de la ciudad de Segovia entre dos valles de tipo cañón, caracterizados por paredes verticales o escarpadas y fondos planos, ha favorecido la ocurrencia de procesos gravitacionales, entre los cuales los desprendimientos de rocas son de los más recurrentes.
El objetivo de este Trabajo Fin de Máster (TFM) es estudiar y analizar los desprendimientos de rocas que afectan al entorno de la ciudad de Segovia, con la finalidad de elaborar una cartografía de la susceptibilidad al alcance de este fenómeno natural. Para ello, el TFM, se estructura en dos partes. En la primera, se realiza un inventario que recoge la localización del origen de cada desprendimiento y, a partir de éste, un análisis, mediante el uso de diferentes TIGs (SIG ArcGIS, CAD MicroStation, Adobe Illustrator entre otras), de los factores condicionantes (litología, pendiente, orientación, geomorfología) y de algunos factores desencadenantes, mediante el tratamiento estadístico de las precipitaciones y temperaturas de tres eventos recientes. En el análisis de los factores desencadenantes se han utilizado tres DEM, para evaluar las posibles diferencias en cuanto a su diferente resolución. En la segunda parte, se lleva a cabo la modelización preliminar de la trayectoria y alcance de los desprendimientos, utilizándose el programa de simulación Rockyfor3D.
Los resultados muestran la caracterización litológica y morfotopográfica en la que ocurren los desprendimientos, y además la aproximación prospectiva mediante la simulación ha permitido elaborar un mapa de susceptibilidad al alcance de los bloques o rocas, y detectar aquellos bienes y áreas más expuestas a este fenómeno natural.
The city of Segovia, located between two canon-type valleys which have as their main features steep walls and flat bottoms, has favored the occurrence of gravitational processes among which rock-falls are the most frequent. The purpose of this Master´s thesis is to study and analyses the impact of rock-falls in this city with a view to drawing up a susceptibility map of this natural phenomenon. To do so, this work is structured in two parts. In the first one, an inventory is carried out that collects the location of the origin of each rock fall and, from this, it has been done an analysis of the trigger factors (lithology, slope, orientation, geomorphology), through the use of different TIGs (ArcGIS SIG, MicroStation CAD, Adobe Illustrator among others), Also, some conditioning factors (precipitation and temperature) have been studied, through the statistical treatment of three recent events. In the analysis of the trigger factors, three DEMs were used to evaluate the possible differences in their resolution. In the second part, the preliminary modeling of the trajectory and reach of blocks is carried out, using Rockyfor3D simulation software. Results show the lithologic and topographic characteristics in which rock falls are developed, and also the prospective approach by means of rockfall simulation has enabled us to elaborate a map of susceptibility to the reach of blocks or boulders and to detect those areas most exposed to this natural phenomenon.
The city of Segovia, located between two canon-type valleys which have as their main features steep walls and flat bottoms, has favored the occurrence of gravitational processes among which rock-falls are the most frequent. The purpose of this Master´s thesis is to study and analyses the impact of rock-falls in this city with a view to drawing up a susceptibility map of this natural phenomenon. To do so, this work is structured in two parts. In the first one, an inventory is carried out that collects the location of the origin of each rock fall and, from this, it has been done an analysis of the trigger factors (lithology, slope, orientation, geomorphology), through the use of different TIGs (ArcGIS SIG, MicroStation CAD, Adobe Illustrator among others), Also, some conditioning factors (precipitation and temperature) have been studied, through the statistical treatment of three recent events. In the analysis of the trigger factors, three DEMs were used to evaluate the possible differences in their resolution. In the second part, the preliminary modeling of the trajectory and reach of blocks is carried out, using Rockyfor3D simulation software. Results show the lithologic and topographic characteristics in which rock falls are developed, and also the prospective approach by means of rockfall simulation has enabled us to elaborate a map of susceptibility to the reach of blocks or boulders and to detect those areas most exposed to this natural phenomenon.