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Imaginar la ciudad como espacio ideológico: París, Mayo del 68

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2017-11-14
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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La insurrección está íntimamente ligada con la ciudad por ser en ella donde alcanza su máxima repercusión en el contexto político. Su explosión se relaciona con la entrada en la modernidad, o una de sus repeticiones cíclicas de crisis y momentos de convulsión, y no se nos ocurre ninguna otra ciudad de este periodo más identificada con el imaginario insurrecto que París. Su tradición revolucionaria, anterior incluso a la señalada fecha de 1789, ya nos habla de abusos de poderes déspotas, de miseria y de rebeldía, de masas hambrientas amotinadas frente a los edificios del poder, de cargas de las fuerzas del orden dispersando a la masa; pero la magnitud que alcanzará en su desarrollo posterior, en fechas como las de 1830, 1848, 1871 o 1936, hace de ella un verdadero arquetipo de la ciudad insurrecta. Un arquetipo que tiene probablemente una parte de los fundamentos hundidos en raíces antropológicas, pero que es al mismo tiempo dinámico y se alimenta de sí mismo y del mundo. La llama de la insurrección volverá a prender en la capital francesa de nuevo en 1968, pero no será en los barrios populares o las fábricas, sino que esta vez será la universidad quien encienda la mecha. Si inicialmente podemos enmarcar estos acontecimientos en un contexto global más amplio, el del ciclo de protestas universitario que dejará consecuencias en las universidades norteamericanas de Berkeley y Columbia, México, Berlín o Praga, la extensión que alcanzarán las protestas en el caso de París, hasta desembocar en la mayor huelga de Francia en el siglo XX, entronca directamente con esa tradición revolucionaria heredada...
Insurrections are profoundly related to cities; those are, as a matter of fact, the place where insurrections flourish and occur within the political context. Its emergence is linked either to the arrival of modernity or some of its cyclical crisis and tumultuous moments. Thus, it is undoubtedly presumed that there is no other city that fulfils the insurgent imaginary but Paris. Its revolutionary tradition, further much earlier than the meaningful year 1789, reveals all manner of facts such as despotic abuse of power, misery, rebellion, revolted starving people claiming for their rights in front of official buildings, the taking actions from the security authorities, among many others. Per contra, Paris will ultimately reach its peak and the great magnitude we all acquaint ourselves with in subsequent years, including 1830, 1848, 1871 or 1936. All these significant dates and events will transform Paris into the real archetype of an insurgent city. The previously mentioned archetype may be related to an anthropological origin which is, at the same time, dynamic and enlarged by itself and its surrounding world. In 1968, the flame of insurrections will be lit again in the French capital. Nevertheless, those insurrections were not to emerge in popular areas or popular factories; they were to emerge directly from universities. Although these Parisian events can be settled in a larger global framework – the recurring university protests which are initiated in Berkeley, Columbia, Mexico, Berlin or Prague-, they will be utterly based on the mentioned inherited revolutionary tradition and will make a mark on the life of the city, where the greatest twentieth-century French strike will be called. The evolution of such a historic event, demarcated within the temporary time-space coordinates of the current research, is essentially determined by its afterlives that represents the creative discursive way in which the events are transmitted in the following decades. Accordingly, should we comprehend the real image created regarding the aforementioned event as well as the reception experienced by a specific society, we are forced to observe the representation system...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Filología, leída el 06-03-2017
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