Publication: Filogeografía y biología de líquenes Antártidos
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2017-12-01
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Los líquenes son los organismos macroscópicos dominantes en los ecosistemas terrestres de la Antártida. Con casi dos siglos de historia, el estudio de la biota liquénica antártica ha sufrido un nuevo impulso con la irrupción de las técnicas basadas en el ADN, lo que ha permitido incrementar las estimas de hongos liquenizados en la Antártida por encima de las 500 especies (Øvstedal y Lewis Smith 2011). Pese a su abundancia, poco se sabe aún sobre su origen. Alrededor de un 40% de las especies muestra un patrón de distribución bipolar o anfitropical, mientras que un 30% son endemismos antárticos (Øvstedal y Lewis Smith 2001). Durante el siglo XX, la mayoría de autores aceptaron un origen temporal dual, por el que las especies endémicas tendrían un origen relicto, anterior al Pleistoceno, y las especies bipolares (y cosmopolitas) habrían colonizado la Antártida en tiempos más recientes (p. ej. Lamb 1948, 1970; Dodge 1964; Seppelt 1995). Objetivos: La presente tesis doctoral tiene como objetivo principal contribuir al conocimiento de la diversidad liquénica en la Antártida y a dilucidar su origen, enfocándose en estudios filogeográficos de especies endémicas y de especies con distribución bipolar...
Lichens constitute the most conspicuous and diverse group of macroorganisms inhabiting Antarctic terrestrial ecosystems. After approximately two centuries of lichenological research in Antarctica, the study of the diversity of its lichen biota has recently gained momentum, thanks to the application of new DNA-based techniques. Current estimates of the number of lichen-forming fungi fairly exceed 500 species (Øvstedal & Lewis Smith 2011). Despite the abundance of Antarctic lichens, little is known about their origin. The number of Antarctic species showing a bipolar or amphitropical distribution corresponds to c. 40% of the total diversity, whereas c. 30% are endemic to this continent (Øvstedal & Lewis Smith 2001). Most authors during the XX century assumed that endemic Antarctic species would have a relict origin, dating to before the Pleistocene, whereas extant populations of bipolar and cosmopolitan species would originate from a more recent colonisation (e. g. Lamb 1948, 1970; Dodge 1964; Seppelt 1995). Aim: The scope of this doctoral thesis is to improve the knowledge of the diversity of the Antarctic lichen biota and their origin through phylogeographical studies dealing with either endemic or bipolar Antarctic species...
Lichens constitute the most conspicuous and diverse group of macroorganisms inhabiting Antarctic terrestrial ecosystems. After approximately two centuries of lichenological research in Antarctica, the study of the diversity of its lichen biota has recently gained momentum, thanks to the application of new DNA-based techniques. Current estimates of the number of lichen-forming fungi fairly exceed 500 species (Øvstedal & Lewis Smith 2011). Despite the abundance of Antarctic lichens, little is known about their origin. The number of Antarctic species showing a bipolar or amphitropical distribution corresponds to c. 40% of the total diversity, whereas c. 30% are endemic to this continent (Øvstedal & Lewis Smith 2001). Most authors during the XX century assumed that endemic Antarctic species would have a relict origin, dating to before the Pleistocene, whereas extant populations of bipolar and cosmopolitan species would originate from a more recent colonisation (e. g. Lamb 1948, 1970; Dodge 1964; Seppelt 1995). Aim: The scope of this doctoral thesis is to improve the knowledge of the diversity of the Antarctic lichen biota and their origin through phylogeographical studies dealing with either endemic or bipolar Antarctic species...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Microbiología III, leída el 26-05-2017