Publication: Evaluación "In vitro" e "in vivo" de la seguridad de nanopartículas de plata
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2017-12-05
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
El rápido desarrollo de la nanotecnología ha abierto la puerta a la obtención de productos y aplicaciones innovadoras para una amplia gama de sectores de la industria y el consumo. Se estima que de todos los nanomateriales utilizados en productos para el consumo, las nanopartículas de plata (AgNPs) son las que tienen un mayor grado de comercialización. Sin embargo, a pesar de las innumerables aplicaciones que presentan, poco se sabe sobre su toxicidad, planteando un riesgo para la salud humana y el medio ambiente debido a sus propiedades específicas y su potencial uso y exposición. Es por ello que el objetivo principal de este trabajo de investigación ha consistido en “Evaluar los riesgos toxicológicos de nanopartículas de plata (AgNPs) de diferentes tamaños en líneas celulares humanas y en Drosophila melanogaster. Así como, en determinar los posibles mecanismos de acción por los que estas AgNPs ejercen su efecto tóxico”. Para realizar una correcta evaluación de la seguridad de las nanopartículas (NPs) se requiere previamente su caracterización, mediante un estudio de sus propiedades fisicoquímicas, en las que se incluye el tamaño, la distribución del tamaño, la morfología y la aglomeración de NPs, entre otros, ya que se ha observado que todos estos parámetros pueden influir en la toxicidad de las mismas. En la fase inicial de este trabajo, se caracterizaron las AgNPs de tamaño 4.7, 42 y 157 nm en solución acuosa y tras la incubación en medio de cultivo, utilizando el microscopio electrónico de transmisión (MET) y la dispersión de luz dinámica (DLS). Las AgNPs de 4.7 y 42 nm presentaron una morfología esférica, de múltiples facetas y bien dispersas, mientras que las AgNPs de 157 nm presentaron una morfología más ovalada. El tamaño primario de las AgNPs coincidió con el proporcionado por el fabricante, excepto en las AgNPs de 157 nm en las cuales obtuvimos un tamaño ligeramente menor al del proveedor. Por otra parte, se observó la aglomeración de las AgNPs después de la incubación de las mismas a 37ºC durante 24 horas en medio de cultivo libre de células...
The rapid development of nanotechnology has opened the door to innovative products and applications for a wide range of industry and consumer sectors. It is estimated that of all the nanomaterials used in consumer products, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) currently have the highest degree of commercialization. However, despite the innumerable applications they present, little is known about their toxicity, posing a risk to human health and the environment due to its specific properties and potential use and exposure. For this reason, the main objective of this research work was to “Evaluate the toxicological risks of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) of different sizes in human cell lines and in Drosophila melanogaster. As well as, determine the possible mechanisms of action by which these AgNPs exert their toxic effect ". To evaluate the safety of the nanoparticles (NPs), their characterization is needed previously, through a study of their physicochemical properties, including size, size distribution, morphology and agglomeration of NPs among others, since it has been observed that all these parameters can influence the toxicity thereof. First, AgNPs of size 4.7, 42 and 157 nm are characterized in the aqueous solution and incubation in the culture medium, using the transmission electron microscope (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The AgNPs of 4.7 and 42 nm had a spherical morphology, multifaceted and well dispersed, whereas the AgNPs of 157 nm presented a oval morphology. The primary AgNPs size coincided with the supplier by the manufacturer, except for the 157 nm AgNPs in which we obtained a slightly smaller supplier size. Agglomeration of AgNPs was observed after incubation of the AgNPs at 37 ° C for 24 hours in cell-free culture medium...
The rapid development of nanotechnology has opened the door to innovative products and applications for a wide range of industry and consumer sectors. It is estimated that of all the nanomaterials used in consumer products, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) currently have the highest degree of commercialization. However, despite the innumerable applications they present, little is known about their toxicity, posing a risk to human health and the environment due to its specific properties and potential use and exposure. For this reason, the main objective of this research work was to “Evaluate the toxicological risks of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) of different sizes in human cell lines and in Drosophila melanogaster. As well as, determine the possible mechanisms of action by which these AgNPs exert their toxic effect ". To evaluate the safety of the nanoparticles (NPs), their characterization is needed previously, through a study of their physicochemical properties, including size, size distribution, morphology and agglomeration of NPs among others, since it has been observed that all these parameters can influence the toxicity thereof. First, AgNPs of size 4.7, 42 and 157 nm are characterized in the aqueous solution and incubation in the culture medium, using the transmission electron microscope (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The AgNPs of 4.7 and 42 nm had a spherical morphology, multifaceted and well dispersed, whereas the AgNPs of 157 nm presented a oval morphology. The primary AgNPs size coincided with the supplier by the manufacturer, except for the 157 nm AgNPs in which we obtained a slightly smaller supplier size. Agglomeration of AgNPs was observed after incubation of the AgNPs at 37 ° C for 24 hours in cell-free culture medium...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Veterinaria, Departamento de Nutrición, Bromatología y Tecnología de los Alimentos, leída el 29-05-2017