Publication: Cambios en el nivel óseo interproximal en relación a diferentes superficies de implantes en mandíbulas posteriores de pacientes con periodontitis crónicas siguiendo un programa de mantenimiento. Un estudio restrospectivo. 1-Prevalencia de pérdida ósea asociada a las diferentes superficies de implantes.
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2016
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Abstract
Objetivo
Analizar retrospectivamente la pérdida ósea interproximal (IPBL) observada en implantes colocados en la misma localización intraoral en pacientes que siguen un protocolo de mantenimiento periodontal.
Material y métodos
Las mediciones del IPBL fueron tomadas en 755 implantes, colodados en extremos libres mandibulares, de 206 pacientes consecutivos, que fueron operados entre 2007 y 2010. Fueron utilizadas 3 superficies de implantes diferentes: mecanizada, híbrida y anodizada. Se llevo a cabo una calibración digital mediante radiografías periapicales tomadas en intervalos de un año como parte del mantenimiento periodontal, siendo el follow-up de entre 1 y 3 años.
Resultados
La media IPBL a 3 años fue 1.36/1.35 mm a nivel de implante/paciente (rango: 0-6mm). Un mayor y significativo IPBL fue observado en los implantes de superficie anodizada, comparado con los mecanizados e híbridos, siendo la media IPBL a 3 años 1.48, 0.96 y 0.77 respectivamente. La prevalencia global de IPBL entre 2-3.99 mm a 3 años fue del 10.6% (cr 95%: 6-15%), y para un IPBL igual o mayor a 4 mm fue de 5% (2-8%).
La prevalencia específica a 2 y 3 años para un valor de IPBL mayor o igual a 2 mm fue de 9%(6-12%) y 18% (12-24%) para implantes de superficie anodizada, 2,5 veces mayor que la observada en implantes de superficie híbrida, donde fue de 3.6%(0.8-4%) y 7.4% (0-17%) respectivamente.
Conclusiones
Se ha observado la aparición de pérdida ósea periimplantaria interproximal (IPBL) en pacientes periodontales con implantes colocados en extremo libre mandibular, a corto y medio plazo, a pesar de estar siguiendo un programa de mantenimiento periodontal. La prevalencia de pérdida ósea periimplantaria interproximal igual o mayor a 2 mm, parece ser mayor en los implantes de superficie anodizada.
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