Publication: La secesión de territorios en un Estado miembro de la Unión Europea y sus consecuencias en relación con las minorías resultantes
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2017
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Iprolex, S.L.
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Abstract
La protección de los derechos humanos y de las libertades fundamentales de todos los ciudadanos de un territorio separado, y especialmente de los habitantes pertenecientes a minorías nacionales resultantes de un proceso de secesión en el territorio de un Estado miembro de la Unión Europea, es competencia exclusiva del Estado de nueva creación, que se ha declarado soberano e independiente con respecto al Estado miembro del que se escindió. Las declaraciones unilaterales de independencia están prohibidas por el Derecho Internacional Público cuando se realizan en menoscabo de la integridad territorial y la unidad nacional de Estados soberanos e independientes.
La Unión Europea carece de competencias en este ámbito y no podrá intervenir en el caso de una violación grave y persistente de los derechos humanos que tenga lugar en el territorio del nuevo soberano, ya que éste tendrá en todo caso la consideración de Estado tercero y no estará sometido a la aplicación del Derecho Comunitario, ni a los estándares de la Carta de los Derechos Fundamentales de la Unión Europea. La protección de los derechos humanos es, en definitiva, una cuestión vinculada a los elementos constitutivos de la estatalidad y depende de la jurisdicción que ejerce el nuevo Estado sobre su propio territorio.
The protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms of all citizens of a breakaway territory, and especially the inhabitants pertaining to national minorities emerged from a process of secession within a EU Member State, is an exclusive competence of the newly created State which has declared its independence and sovereignty with respect to the Member State from which it separated. Unilateral declarations of independence are forbidden by Public International Law when they are carried out to the detriment of the territorial integrity and national unity of sovereign and independent States. The European Union lacks competence in this area and cannot intervene in the case of a serious and persistent breach of human rights taking place in the territory of the new sovereign, since it will in any case be considered a third State and will not be subject to the application of European Law, nor to the standards of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. Therefore, the protection of human rights is an issue linked to the constituent elements of statehood and depends on the jurisdiction exercised by the new State over its own territory.
The protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms of all citizens of a breakaway territory, and especially the inhabitants pertaining to national minorities emerged from a process of secession within a EU Member State, is an exclusive competence of the newly created State which has declared its independence and sovereignty with respect to the Member State from which it separated. Unilateral declarations of independence are forbidden by Public International Law when they are carried out to the detriment of the territorial integrity and national unity of sovereign and independent States. The European Union lacks competence in this area and cannot intervene in the case of a serious and persistent breach of human rights taking place in the territory of the new sovereign, since it will in any case be considered a third State and will not be subject to the application of European Law, nor to the standards of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. Therefore, the protection of human rights is an issue linked to the constituent elements of statehood and depends on the jurisdiction exercised by the new State over its own territory.