Publication: Estudio con criterios filogenéticos del potencial neuroprotector de líquenes parmeliáceos: mecanismos de acción de sus metabolitos secundarios
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2018-01-11
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La ruptura del equilibrio que existe en condiciones fisiológicas entre especies pro-oxidantes (entre las que destacan las especies reactivas de oxígeno – ERO) y los sistemas antioxidantes provoca una situación de estrés oxidativo (EO) celular, que conlleva daño oxidativo a todas las biomoléculas, incluyendo proteínas, lípidos de membrana y ácidos nucleicos. Cuando el daño es excesivo o irreparable, se produce la muerte celular, generalmente por mecanismos de apoptosis. El EO afecta a todas las células del organismo, pero en especial medida, a las células del cerebro, que es un órgano especialmente susceptible al EO por sus características anatómicas y funcionales. Así, una sólida evidencia científica apoya la implicación del EO, como causa y/o consecuencia, en la patogenia de diversas enfermedades neurodegenerativas, entre las que destacan la enfermedad de Alzheimer, la enfermedad de Parkinson o la esclerosis lateral amiotrófica. Debido al incremento de la esperanza de vida y al envejecimiento paulatino de la población mundial, cada vez es mayor el impacto social y el coste sanitario de estos trastornos neurodegenerativos crónicos (asociados a la edad) que, además, carecen de tratamientos eficaces para prevenir, atenuar o retrasar la aparición de los característicos síntomas cognitivos o motores...
Excessive levels of pro-oxidant species (namely, reactive oxygen species - ROS) in comparison to antioxidant systems may lead to the disruption of physiological redox homeostasis; this situation is called oxidative stress (OS). It provokes oxidative damage in biomolecules, including proteins, membrane lipids and nucleic acids. When cell damage is irreparable, it eventually leads to cell death, which normally occurs through the mechanism of apoptosis. Oxidative stress affects all cell types in the organism, but brain is especially sensitive to its noxious effects due to the peculiar anatomic and functional characteristics of that tissue. Furthermore, there are consistent scientific evidences that support the involvement of OS as a causal and/or consequential factor in the physiopathology of several neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimeŕs disease, Parkinsońs disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The increase in life expectancy and the subsequent gradual ageing of the world population explain the remarkable and growing impact on society and the sanitary costs of these chronic neurodegenerative disorders (that are closely associated to ageing). Besides, these diseases lack effective treatments that prevent, attenuate or delay the onset of the specific cognitive and motor symptoms...
Excessive levels of pro-oxidant species (namely, reactive oxygen species - ROS) in comparison to antioxidant systems may lead to the disruption of physiological redox homeostasis; this situation is called oxidative stress (OS). It provokes oxidative damage in biomolecules, including proteins, membrane lipids and nucleic acids. When cell damage is irreparable, it eventually leads to cell death, which normally occurs through the mechanism of apoptosis. Oxidative stress affects all cell types in the organism, but brain is especially sensitive to its noxious effects due to the peculiar anatomic and functional characteristics of that tissue. Furthermore, there are consistent scientific evidences that support the involvement of OS as a causal and/or consequential factor in the physiopathology of several neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimeŕs disease, Parkinsońs disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The increase in life expectancy and the subsequent gradual ageing of the world population explain the remarkable and growing impact on society and the sanitary costs of these chronic neurodegenerative disorders (that are closely associated to ageing). Besides, these diseases lack effective treatments that prevent, attenuate or delay the onset of the specific cognitive and motor symptoms...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Farmacología y Biología Vegetal II, leída el 17-03-2017