Publication: Los modelos de organización productiva y sus efectos sobre las condiciones laborales: el caso de VW Navarra y su entorno productivo 2000-2015
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2018-01-31
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
A lo largo de esta investigación analizaremos los modelos de organización productiva y los efectos que se derivan sobre las condiciones laborales. Dado el alto grado de transnacionalización de la producción en las últimas tres décadas, el análisis de los modelos de organización del trabajo y la producción, cada vez más, se plantean desde una perspectiva global. En este contexto, la descentralización productiva y la fragmentación han consolidado un nuevo modelo al que denominamos producción ligera global, el cual marca un antes y un después en los métodos organizativos, no sólo en la industria automotriz, sino también en muchas otras ramas y sectores productivos. Este modelo, muestra una tendencia generalizada a aligerar y reducir el tamaño de las plantas de fabricación, obligando a construir un marco de relaciones intra e interempresariales. Particularmente las relaciones cliente-proveedor, cobran una relevancia que no tenían en los modelos previos, es decir, el modelo ya no se explica solo a partir de relaciones dentro de la fábrica, sino que para definirlo necesitamos conocer tanto las relaciones intrafirma como aquellas existentes entre cliente y proveedor. Todo ello, conforma una red empresarial en base a una producción articulada necesaria para la fabricación de un bien concreto. En esta Tesis, proponemos el estudio específico de la fabricación del Polo VW en Navarra desde el año 2000 hasta 2015. Asumimos, por tanto, el liderazgo de la planta ensambladora en el proceso, pero también tenemos en cuenta el entramado empresarial que participa y orbita en torno a ésta. Para ello, ofrecemos un estudio de caso y una propuesta de análisis que nos permite abordar la complejidad del modelo, así como la relación entre variables –estrategias empresariales, características del mercado, la organización técnica y las relaciones laborales- y agentes en los distintos ámbitos de análisis - el Grupo VW, la fábrica en Navarra y las empresas del parque de proveedores-. Una categorización útil y funcional para profundizar en la estructura de poder y el tipo de relaciones tanto a nivel grupo e intraempresa, así como en aquellos vínculos establecidos con los proveedores. En definitiva, una diferenciación necesaria para captar todos los aspectos organizativos y productivos intrínsecos del proceso de fabricación del Polo VW y los posibles factores determinantes sobre las condiciones laborales del trabajador colectivo...
Throughout this research, we will analyse the different models of productive organisation and the effects on working conditions. Given the high degree of trans-nationalisation of production over the last three decades, the analysis of the models of organisation of work and production, more and more, these are raised from a global perspective. In this context, the productive decentralisation and the fragmentation of the processes have consolidated a new model that we call global lean production. This means a before and after in organisational methods, not only in the automotive industry but also in many other productive sectors. This model shows a generalised tendency to lighten and reduce the size of manufacturing plants. This requires building a framework of intra and inter-company relations. Particularly customer-supplier relations take on a relevance that they did not have in previous models. The model is not only explained by relations within the factory. In order to define it we need to know both intracompany relationships as those between customer and supplier. All this forms a structured business network based on a necessarily articulated production for the manufacture of a concrete final good. In this thesis, we propose the specific study of the manufacture of the Polo VW in Navarre from the year 2000 to 2015. We assume the leadership of the assembly plant in the process, but we also take into account the business structure that participates and orbits around it. We offer a case study and a proposal of analysis that allows us to address the complexity of the model, as well as the relationship between variables - business strategies, market characteristics, technical organisation and labour relations - and agents in the different scopes of analysis -the VW Group, the factory in Navarra and the suppliers' companies. A useful and functional categorization to deepen the power structure and the type of relations both at group and intra-company level, as well as in those established links with suppliers. A necessary differentiation to capture all the organisational and productive aspects intrinsic to the manufacturing process of the Polo VW and the possible determinants of labour conditions.
Throughout this research, we will analyse the different models of productive organisation and the effects on working conditions. Given the high degree of trans-nationalisation of production over the last three decades, the analysis of the models of organisation of work and production, more and more, these are raised from a global perspective. In this context, the productive decentralisation and the fragmentation of the processes have consolidated a new model that we call global lean production. This means a before and after in organisational methods, not only in the automotive industry but also in many other productive sectors. This model shows a generalised tendency to lighten and reduce the size of manufacturing plants. This requires building a framework of intra and inter-company relations. Particularly customer-supplier relations take on a relevance that they did not have in previous models. The model is not only explained by relations within the factory. In order to define it we need to know both intracompany relationships as those between customer and supplier. All this forms a structured business network based on a necessarily articulated production for the manufacture of a concrete final good. In this thesis, we propose the specific study of the manufacture of the Polo VW in Navarre from the year 2000 to 2015. We assume the leadership of the assembly plant in the process, but we also take into account the business structure that participates and orbits around it. We offer a case study and a proposal of analysis that allows us to address the complexity of the model, as well as the relationship between variables - business strategies, market characteristics, technical organisation and labour relations - and agents in the different scopes of analysis -the VW Group, the factory in Navarra and the suppliers' companies. A useful and functional categorization to deepen the power structure and the type of relations both at group and intra-company level, as well as in those established links with suppliers. A necessary differentiation to capture all the organisational and productive aspects intrinsic to the manufacturing process of the Polo VW and the possible determinants of labour conditions.
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, Departamento de Economía Aplicada I (Economía Internacional y Desarrollo), leída el 07-07-2017