Publication: Influencia de la obesidad en la recuperación física, funcional y en la satisfacción de pacientes sometidos a artroplastia de rodilla
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2018-02-02
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La obesidad es una enfermedad crónica no transmisible de origen multifactorial, cuya prevalencia ha aumentado considerablemente en las últimas tres décadas, especialmente en los países occidentales. Hoy en día, afectaría en torno a 600 millones de personas en todo el mundo, con mayor prevalencia en mujeres que en hombres. La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) definió a la obesidad y al sobrepeso como el “exceso de grasa corporal asociado a un mayor riesgo para la salud”. Actualmente existen multitud de métodos para determinar la obesidad, siendo el Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) el más utilizado en todo el mundo. Según los criterios de la OMS, un sujeto se considera obeso cuando su IMC es superior a 30 kg/m2. Sin embargo, existen varias limitaciones en el uso del IMC como método de estudio de la obesidad, puesto que discrimina la variabilidad relativa a la edad, el sexo, o a la condición física de los sujetos. Para ello, se han desarrollado varios métodos, con diferentes niveles de precisión y de accesibilidad. Entre los métodos más precisos destaca la absorciometría de rayos-X de doble energía (DEXA) y el análisis de la impedancia bioeléctrica (BIA). El BIA también se encuentra entre los métodos de más fácil acceso, junto a las medidas simples y ecuaciones predictivas para la estimación de la grasa corporal. Dentro de este último grupo, ha suscitado gran interés el uso de la ecuación Clínica Universitaria de Navarra- Body Adiposity Estimator (CUN-BAE), la cual permite una determinación de la obesidad más ajustada a la edad y al sexo de los individuos. En España, uno de cada cinco sujetos adultos padece obesidad, proporción que cambia a una de cada tres en población anciana. Este hecho se relaciona estrechamente con los cambios fisiológicos originados en la tercera edad, donde la masa muscular sufre una depleción más acusada. Dicha depleción origina una disminución en el consumo energético basal, promoviendo un mayor depósito de grasa corporal. Cuando el proceso de depleción se ve acusado por inactividad o por la confluencia de enfermedades, adopta la denominación de sarcopenia. Este fenómeno, junto a la obesidad, constituye un factor de riesgo importante para la aparición de patologías sistémicas, como el síndrome metabólico, la artrosis o determinados tipos de cáncer...
Obesity is a non-communicable chronic disease with a multifactorial aetiology, in which the prevalence has increased considerably over the past three decades, especially in Western countries. Today, it would affect to approximately 600 million people around the world, with higher prevalence in women than in men. The World Health Organization (WHO) defined overweight and obesity as “abnormal or excessive accumulation of body fat that may impair health”. There are many different methods to determine obesity, but the Body Mass Index (BMI) is considered to be the most used worldwide. According to WHO criteria, individuals are considered obese when their BMI is over 30kg/m2. However, BMI presents several limitations as a study method for obesity, due to discrimination related to variability on age, sex, or physical condition. To address this, several methods have been developed with different levels of accuracy and accessibility. Some higher accuracy methods currently used include studies such as Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA).BIA is also considered one of the easiest access methods, as well as one of the most simple measures and predictive equations for body fat estimation. Among the just mentioned methods, interest on usefulness of Clinica Universitaria de Navarra-Body Adiposity Estimator (CUN-BAE) equation was noted, which allows determinations of obesity, with adjustments made due to age and sex of individuals. In Spain, one in five adults is diagnosed of obesity, with the ratio changing to one in three in the elderly population. This fact is closely related ageing physiological changes, which undergo muscle mass to pronounced depletion. Just muscle mass depletion originates a decrease in energy consumption baseline, promoting a greater body fat accumulation. When the process of depletion is accused due to inactivity or diseases, it is known as sarcopenia. This phenomenon, along with obesity, is a major risk factor for the emergence of systemic diseases, metabolic syndrome, osteoarthritis and certain types of cancer...
Obesity is a non-communicable chronic disease with a multifactorial aetiology, in which the prevalence has increased considerably over the past three decades, especially in Western countries. Today, it would affect to approximately 600 million people around the world, with higher prevalence in women than in men. The World Health Organization (WHO) defined overweight and obesity as “abnormal or excessive accumulation of body fat that may impair health”. There are many different methods to determine obesity, but the Body Mass Index (BMI) is considered to be the most used worldwide. According to WHO criteria, individuals are considered obese when their BMI is over 30kg/m2. However, BMI presents several limitations as a study method for obesity, due to discrimination related to variability on age, sex, or physical condition. To address this, several methods have been developed with different levels of accuracy and accessibility. Some higher accuracy methods currently used include studies such as Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA).BIA is also considered one of the easiest access methods, as well as one of the most simple measures and predictive equations for body fat estimation. Among the just mentioned methods, interest on usefulness of Clinica Universitaria de Navarra-Body Adiposity Estimator (CUN-BAE) equation was noted, which allows determinations of obesity, with adjustments made due to age and sex of individuals. In Spain, one in five adults is diagnosed of obesity, with the ratio changing to one in three in the elderly population. This fact is closely related ageing physiological changes, which undergo muscle mass to pronounced depletion. Just muscle mass depletion originates a decrease in energy consumption baseline, promoting a greater body fat accumulation. When the process of depletion is accused due to inactivity or diseases, it is known as sarcopenia. This phenomenon, along with obesity, is a major risk factor for the emergence of systemic diseases, metabolic syndrome, osteoarthritis and certain types of cancer...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología, leída el 12-07-2017