Publication: Narrar la historia: la internacionalización de las ideas en las portadas de Punch-Puk-Caras y Caretas
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2018-02-12
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Esta investigación tiene por objeto el estudio de la caricatura como género de opinión en la revista inglesa Punch, la estadounidense Puck y la uruguaya Caras y Caretas. Si bien pertenecen a distintos países, las tres fueron fundadas durante el siglo XIX. El trabajo presenta una aproximación a cómo las distintas publicaciones plasman los acontecimientos y personajes de la época por medio de la caricatura. Existe un gran valor testimonial en ellas que permite conocer la Historia desde otro lugar. Punch nace en Inglaterra en 1841 cuando estaba finalizando la primera etapa de la Revolución Industrial. Sus directores fueron el periodista Henry Mayhew y el dibujante Ebenezer Landells. En este entonces, Inglaterra se encontraba en una situación preponderante dentro de Europa bajo la monarquía de la Reina Victoria. Punch logró caricaturizar no solo el auge reinante, sino también las penas que trajo consigo la revolución. Arremetió contra la situación de insalubridad, pobreza y enfermedad que vivían muchos ciudadanos, y cuestionó el estilo de vida. En 1871, el inmigrante alemán Joseph Keppler funda Puck en Estados Unidos. Se trata de una revista publicada en idioma germano dirigida a los compatriotas alemanes que se encontraban en tierras estadounidenses. Sin embargo, en 1877, Keppler decidió ir más allá y publicarla también en idioma inglés. Finalmente, solo continúo con esta última. En un comienzo los temas elegidos eran de carácter internacional debido a que se dirigían a los inmigrantes alemanes en el país. Más tarde, las temáticas se centraron en la política y el estilo de vida estadounidense. Por último, Caras y Caretas fue fundada en Uruguay por el periodista español Eustaquio Pellicer y el caricaturista alemán Charles Schütz, en 1890. En ese entonces, el país se encontraba en una profunda época de cambios. Debido a las fuertes oleadas migratorias, Uruguay vivió una fuerte transformación hacia lo que los historiadores llaman “Uruguay 11 Moderno”. La revista plasma las vivencias y los acontecimientos que sucedieron en el país y el choque cultural que se experimentó con la llegada de los inmigrantes. Un segundo punto de la tesis busca comprobar la internacionalización de las ideas en las publicaciones. Pese a las distancias entre sus países de origen, las revistas tienen cualidades e ideologías en común. El siglo XIX estuvo marcado por fuertes oleadas migratorias que promovieron los intercambios y mezclas culturales.
The aim of this research project is the study of cartoons as opinion journalism in the English magazine Punch, the American magazine Puck and the Uruguayan Caras y Caretas. While belonging to different countries, all three of them were founded in the twentieth century. This paper gives an approximation to how these different periodical publications portrayed current events and characters via cartoons. These cartoons have great testimonial value which allows us to look at History from another point of view. Punch, ran from 1841 at the end of the first period of the Industrial Revolution. Its founders were writer Henry Mayhew and wood engraver Ebenezer Landells. In those days during the reign of Queen Victoria, England had a leading position in Europe. Punch was able to depict not only the Victorian boom but also the sorrows brought by industrialization. It went against the reigning unhealthy living conditions, poverty and disease of many citizens as well as it questioned the new lifestyle of the times. In 1871, Joseph Keppler a German immigrant founded Puck in the United States of America. The periodical was published in German and it was meant for the german immigrants living in the United States. Nevertheless in 1877, Keppler decided to move further and the periodical was published in English. In the end it was only published in English. At the outset the chosen topics were about international events as it was meant for the German immigrants. Later, the topics focused on politics and the American lifestyle. Caras y Caretas was founded in Uruguay by the Spanish journalist Eustaquio Pellicer and the German cartoonist Charles Schütz, in 1890. In those days the country was undergoing deep changes Due to the arrival of immigrants, Uruguay lived through dramatic changes that turned Uruguay into what historians call Modern Uruguay. The periodical depicts the experiences and events of those days as well as the cultural shock caused by the arrival of the immigrants. The paper also will try to prove the internationalization of the ideas in the periodicals. Despite the physical distances the periodicals shared qualities and ideologies. The twentieth century was marked by the arrival of immigrants who promoted intercultural exchanges and cultural blendings.
The aim of this research project is the study of cartoons as opinion journalism in the English magazine Punch, the American magazine Puck and the Uruguayan Caras y Caretas. While belonging to different countries, all three of them were founded in the twentieth century. This paper gives an approximation to how these different periodical publications portrayed current events and characters via cartoons. These cartoons have great testimonial value which allows us to look at History from another point of view. Punch, ran from 1841 at the end of the first period of the Industrial Revolution. Its founders were writer Henry Mayhew and wood engraver Ebenezer Landells. In those days during the reign of Queen Victoria, England had a leading position in Europe. Punch was able to depict not only the Victorian boom but also the sorrows brought by industrialization. It went against the reigning unhealthy living conditions, poverty and disease of many citizens as well as it questioned the new lifestyle of the times. In 1871, Joseph Keppler a German immigrant founded Puck in the United States of America. The periodical was published in German and it was meant for the german immigrants living in the United States. Nevertheless in 1877, Keppler decided to move further and the periodical was published in English. In the end it was only published in English. At the outset the chosen topics were about international events as it was meant for the German immigrants. Later, the topics focused on politics and the American lifestyle. Caras y Caretas was founded in Uruguay by the Spanish journalist Eustaquio Pellicer and the German cartoonist Charles Schütz, in 1890. In those days the country was undergoing deep changes Due to the arrival of immigrants, Uruguay lived through dramatic changes that turned Uruguay into what historians call Modern Uruguay. The periodical depicts the experiences and events of those days as well as the cultural shock caused by the arrival of the immigrants. The paper also will try to prove the internationalization of the ideas in the periodicals. Despite the physical distances the periodicals shared qualities and ideologies. The twentieth century was marked by the arrival of immigrants who promoted intercultural exchanges and cultural blendings.
Description
Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias de la Información, Departamento de Periodismo I, leída el 05-06-2017