Publication: El reconocimiento emocional en la sordera
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2018-03-06
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
En el pasado, la investigación se ha centrado esencialmente en el desarrollo lingüístico e intelectual pero, hoy en día, los científicos atribuyen un importante rol adaptativo también a la inteligencia emocional. Se sabe que la inteligencia emocional es una construcción compleja, compuesta de habilidades emocionales, personales y sociales (Denham et al., 2009). Entre estas hay la capacidad de reconocer las emociones expresadas por los demás. Dicha capacidad está implicada en determinar el nivel de competencia interpersonal de un individuo, su posición social, su visibilidad en la comunidad y también sus resultados académicos y profesionales (Hosie et al., 1998). A pesar de su importancia, muchas patologías afectan la capacidad de reconocer las emociones y una de estas es la discapacidad auditiva. Aunque el asunto del reconocimiento emocional en la sordera ha sido objeto de interés científico en los últimos años, aún quedan muchas preguntas abiertas y una de estas concierne la relación que hay entre trastorno auditivo y déficit de reconocimiento emocional. Con el fin de aclarar unos aspectos relativos a la cuestión, se han llevados a cabo los dos estudios que se presentan a continuación. Estudio 1 – Muchos estudios han demostrado la presencia de un déficit de reconocimiento emocional en niños y adolescentes sordos. Unos investigadores interpretan este resultado como la consecuencia de un retraso en el desarrollo de la capacidad de reconocer las emociones. Sin embargo, la ausencia de estudios sobre el adulto sordo no permite sacar conclusiones claras. Con el fin de arrojar luz sobre la cuestión, hemos propuesto un clásico test de reconocimiento emocional a adultos sordos y oyentes. Los estímulos presentados incluían las seis emociones básicas y estaban divididos en tres niveles de dificultad. Negando la hipótesis del desarrollo, nuestros resultados han mostrado que el déficit de reconocimiento emocional persiste en la edad adulta. Más allá de eso, las diferencias entre grupos interesaban sólo específicas emociones (rabia y asco) y determinados niveles de dificultad (baja y media). Este patrón de resultados plantea nuevas preguntas acerca de cómo el déficit auditivo altere la capacidad de interpretar las expresiones faciales. Por un lado, el efecto de la categoría emocional podría interpretarse como una consecuencia de la presencia de inconsistencias entre los sistemas lingüísticos...
In the past, the research has focused essentially on the linguistic and intellectual development of a person, but today, scientists attribute an important adaptive role also to emotional intelligence. It is known that emotional intelligence is a complex construction, composed by emotional, personal and social skills (Denham et al., 2009). Among these, there is the ability to recognize the emotions expressed by others. This ability is involved in determining the level of interpersonal competence of an individual, his social position, his visibility in the community and also his academic and professional results (Hosie et al., 1998). Despite its importance, many pathologies affect the ability to recognize the emotions and one of these is the hearing disorder. Although the issue of emotional recognition in deafness has been the subject of scientific interest in the last years, many questions remain open and one of these concerns the relationship between hearing impairment and emotion recognition deficit. In order to clarify some aspects related to the issue, the two studies presented below have been carried out. Study 1 – Many studies have demonstrated the presence of an emotion recognition deficit in deaf children and adolescents. It has been hypothesized that this deficit concerns only the youth development, improving in adulthood. However, previous studies have not investigated whether the emotion recognition deficit is still present in deaf adults. Instead, they have almost exclusively been conducted with children and adolescents. To shed light on this issue, we proposed a classic emotion recognition test to deaf and hearing adults. Stimuli included the six basic emotions and were divided into three difficulty levels. Contrary to the developmental perspective, our results show that the emotion recognition deficit persists into adulthood. Importantly, differences between groups concerned only specific emotions (disgust and anger) and difficulty levels (low and medium). This pattern of results raises new questions about how deafness modulates the ability to interpret facial expressions. On the one hand, the emotional category effect might be interpreted as a consequence of inconsistencies between linguistic systems. On the other hand, the difficulty level effect might be explained by the alteration of the gaze fixation pattern related to deafness. These findings led us to hypothesize the existence of a difference in the "threshold of emotion recognition" between deaf and hearing people...
In the past, the research has focused essentially on the linguistic and intellectual development of a person, but today, scientists attribute an important adaptive role also to emotional intelligence. It is known that emotional intelligence is a complex construction, composed by emotional, personal and social skills (Denham et al., 2009). Among these, there is the ability to recognize the emotions expressed by others. This ability is involved in determining the level of interpersonal competence of an individual, his social position, his visibility in the community and also his academic and professional results (Hosie et al., 1998). Despite its importance, many pathologies affect the ability to recognize the emotions and one of these is the hearing disorder. Although the issue of emotional recognition in deafness has been the subject of scientific interest in the last years, many questions remain open and one of these concerns the relationship between hearing impairment and emotion recognition deficit. In order to clarify some aspects related to the issue, the two studies presented below have been carried out. Study 1 – Many studies have demonstrated the presence of an emotion recognition deficit in deaf children and adolescents. It has been hypothesized that this deficit concerns only the youth development, improving in adulthood. However, previous studies have not investigated whether the emotion recognition deficit is still present in deaf adults. Instead, they have almost exclusively been conducted with children and adolescents. To shed light on this issue, we proposed a classic emotion recognition test to deaf and hearing adults. Stimuli included the six basic emotions and were divided into three difficulty levels. Contrary to the developmental perspective, our results show that the emotion recognition deficit persists into adulthood. Importantly, differences between groups concerned only specific emotions (disgust and anger) and difficulty levels (low and medium). This pattern of results raises new questions about how deafness modulates the ability to interpret facial expressions. On the one hand, the emotional category effect might be interpreted as a consequence of inconsistencies between linguistic systems. On the other hand, the difficulty level effect might be explained by the alteration of the gaze fixation pattern related to deafness. These findings led us to hypothesize the existence of a difference in the "threshold of emotion recognition" between deaf and hearing people...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Psicología, Departamento de Psicología Básica II (Procesos Cognitivos), leída el 12-07-2017