Publication: La enseñanza del tiempo pasado del español a hablantes japoneses: análisis contrastivo, análisis de errores y aplicación didáctica
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2018-03-14
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La presente investigación se centra en la enseñanza del pasado en español a alumnos japoneses. Para ello, en primer lugar se ha analizado tanto el sistema de pasado en español como en japonés, y posteriormente se ha realizado un contraste entre ambos. Asimismo, se ha llevado a cabo un análisis de errores con informantes japoneses centrado, por supuesto, en el uso de los tiempos del pasado del español. Por último, a partir de las conclusiones extraídas del contraste y el análisis de errores se ha desarrollado una propuesta didáctica destinada a mejorar el uso de los tiempos del pasado y enfocada en los alumnos japoneses. Por tanto, los objetivos de la investigación son varios. En primer lugar, pretendemos que este trabajo sirva de guía útil para todos aquellos profesores de ELE con interés en los alumnos japoneses. El segundo objetivo consiste en realizar una extracción de datos a partir del análisis de errores y asimismo se ha recopilado un corpus de interlengua de alumnos. Por último, el tercer objetivo es desarrollar un método nuevo adaptado a dichos alumnos para conseguir una mejor enseñanza y aprendizaje de los tiempos de pasado del español. Tras el análisis detallado de los tiempos verbales de pasado en español, se han alcanzado las siguientes conclusiones. En primer lugar, desde el punto de vista de la enseñanza de ELE, consideramos que la oposición imperfecto/indefinido debe ser entendida como aspectual. No obstante, podrá ser complementada con nociones relativas a la mayor importancia en el discurso de las acciones expresadas en indefinido respecto a las señaladas en imperfecto. Por otra parte, la diferencia entre el pretérito perfecto y el indefinido puede simplificarse si atendemos a la relevancia o relación con el presente que tiene el primer tiempo verbal, y que está ausente en el indefinido. El análisis del sistema de pasado del idioma japonés y su posterior contraste con el español han revelado las grandes diferencias entre ambas lenguas, especialmente en lo concerniente a los distintos recursos relativos a la expresión del aspecto. A modo ilustrativo destacamos que una misma forma en japonés puede corresponder a usos diversos de los cuatro tiempo principales del español. Sin embargo, se han encontrado algunas similitudes que pueden ser aprovechadas por los profesores de ELE en sus clases...
This thesis focuses on ways of teaching the past tense in Spanish to Japanese students. In order to elucidate the best course of action to do so, we analysed the past systems of Spanish and Japanese first, and we established a contrast between both systems afterwards. Additionally, we conducted an error analysis with Japanese informants focused on their use of the Spanish past tenses. Lastly, we developed a didactic proposal based on the conclusions extracted from the error analysis and the contrast between both languages. This proposal is tailored for Japanese students and aims to improve their use of the Spanish past tense. Thus, the objectives of the present study are the following. First, this thesis was redacted in order to serve as a guide for teachers of Spanish as Second Language (SSL) interested in Japanese students. Second, we aimed to compile a corpus of the interlanguage of students as well as to extract relevant data from it. Third, our last objective was to develop a method for teaching the Spanish past tenses specially designed and suited for Japanese students. After a detailed analysis of Spanish past tenses, we have reached several conclusions. In first place, we believe that the best approach –from the perspective of SSL– regarding the opposition between preterit and imperfect is that it should be studied with attention to the aspectual properties of each tense. However, this approach could be complemented with notions such as the higher importance in the discourse of those actions expressed in preterit rather than those in imperfect. In second place, the difference between preterit and present perfect can be explained according to the relevance that the present perfect maintains in the moment of speech (the present), which simplifies the contrast between the use of both tenses. The analysis of the past system in Japanese and its contrast with the system in Spanish revealed notable differences between both languages, primarily regarding the expression of aspect. To exemplify this point, we can highlight that a single form in Japanese may correspond to the four mayor past tenses of Spanish, depending on the context. However, it was possible as well to point out several similarities, which will be useful for teachers of SSL...
This thesis focuses on ways of teaching the past tense in Spanish to Japanese students. In order to elucidate the best course of action to do so, we analysed the past systems of Spanish and Japanese first, and we established a contrast between both systems afterwards. Additionally, we conducted an error analysis with Japanese informants focused on their use of the Spanish past tenses. Lastly, we developed a didactic proposal based on the conclusions extracted from the error analysis and the contrast between both languages. This proposal is tailored for Japanese students and aims to improve their use of the Spanish past tense. Thus, the objectives of the present study are the following. First, this thesis was redacted in order to serve as a guide for teachers of Spanish as Second Language (SSL) interested in Japanese students. Second, we aimed to compile a corpus of the interlanguage of students as well as to extract relevant data from it. Third, our last objective was to develop a method for teaching the Spanish past tenses specially designed and suited for Japanese students. After a detailed analysis of Spanish past tenses, we have reached several conclusions. In first place, we believe that the best approach –from the perspective of SSL– regarding the opposition between preterit and imperfect is that it should be studied with attention to the aspectual properties of each tense. However, this approach could be complemented with notions such as the higher importance in the discourse of those actions expressed in preterit rather than those in imperfect. In second place, the difference between preterit and present perfect can be explained according to the relevance that the present perfect maintains in the moment of speech (the present), which simplifies the contrast between the use of both tenses. The analysis of the past system in Japanese and its contrast with the system in Spanish revealed notable differences between both languages, primarily regarding the expression of aspect. To exemplify this point, we can highlight that a single form in Japanese may correspond to the four mayor past tenses of Spanish, depending on the context. However, it was possible as well to point out several similarities, which will be useful for teachers of SSL...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Filología, Departamento de Lengua Española y Teoría de la Literatura y Literatura Comparada, leída el 16/06/2017