Publication: Estudio tafonómico en condiciones controladas de laboratorio de una muestra osteológica aplicado a la antropología forense
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2018-04-17
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La Tafonomía Forense es una disciplina que, junto con la Genética, la Botánica, la Biología, la Arqueología, la Antropología, etc., apoya las investigaciones médicolegales principalmente para búsqueda de la identificación del sujeto. Tiene como fin la reconstrucción de las alteraciones y transformaciones postmortem que puede sufrir un individuo o unos restos durante su historia tafonómica. Dentro de las tres fases o estadios por los que pasan los restos hasta que llegan al laboratorio, es en la fase diagenética dónde se producen las principales modificaciones o transformaciones químicas y físicas en las cuales se centra esta tesis doctoral. Para la realización de la experimentación se han llevado a cabo una metodología actualista que parte de la premisa de que el presente es la clave del pasado, estableciendo analogías entre los procesos observables en el presente con los que han sucedido en el pasado, y considerando que las leyes físicas son constantes en el espacio-tiempo y que la tasa de cambio es uniforme. Dentro de los agentes que contribuyen a la descomposición del cadáver, los microorganismos desempeñan el papel principal. Sin embargo, para los restos esqueléticos debemos tener en cuenta otros procesos que, de manera azarosa, intervienen en la preservación (estructura química y molecular, porosidad, tamaño, forma, edad del individuo, pH del sedimento, régimen hidrológico, temperatura, etc.)...
Forensic taphonomy is a discipline that, together with Genetics, Botany, Biology, Archeology, Anthropology, etc., supports medicaolegal investigation in order to assist in the identification of the deceased. Its purpose is the reconstruction of the postmortem alterations and transformations to the body during its taphonomic history. There are three phases or stages which the remains pass through until they arrive at the laboratory. However, this Doctoral Thesis focuses on the diagenetic phase where the main chemical or physical changes or transformations take place. For the performance of the experimentation an actualist methodology has been carried out, starting from the premise that the present is the key to the past, establishing analogies between the processes detected in the present with those that have happened in the past, and considering that the physical laws are constant in space-time and the rate of change is uniform. Among the agents that contribute to the decomposition of the corpse, microorganisms play the main role. However, for skeletal remains we must take into account other processes that are involved in their preservation (chemical and molecular structure, porosity, size, shape, age of the individual, sediment pH, hydrological regime, temperature, etc.). To verify the effects caused by some taphonomic agents on the internal structure of bone, the following objectives are set: to establish a research protocol in Forensic Anthropology that reproduces these alterations from controlled laboratory conditions; to design a new methodology to determine the environmental agents that affect the structure and composition of human bone remains in the context of Forensic Anthropology; to evaluate the bone material used as histological study material; verify by histological analysis the effect on bone structure exposed to acidic, alkaline, sodium hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide...
Forensic taphonomy is a discipline that, together with Genetics, Botany, Biology, Archeology, Anthropology, etc., supports medicaolegal investigation in order to assist in the identification of the deceased. Its purpose is the reconstruction of the postmortem alterations and transformations to the body during its taphonomic history. There are three phases or stages which the remains pass through until they arrive at the laboratory. However, this Doctoral Thesis focuses on the diagenetic phase where the main chemical or physical changes or transformations take place. For the performance of the experimentation an actualist methodology has been carried out, starting from the premise that the present is the key to the past, establishing analogies between the processes detected in the present with those that have happened in the past, and considering that the physical laws are constant in space-time and the rate of change is uniform. Among the agents that contribute to the decomposition of the corpse, microorganisms play the main role. However, for skeletal remains we must take into account other processes that are involved in their preservation (chemical and molecular structure, porosity, size, shape, age of the individual, sediment pH, hydrological regime, temperature, etc.). To verify the effects caused by some taphonomic agents on the internal structure of bone, the following objectives are set: to establish a research protocol in Forensic Anthropology that reproduces these alterations from controlled laboratory conditions; to design a new methodology to determine the environmental agents that affect the structure and composition of human bone remains in the context of Forensic Anthropology; to evaluate the bone material used as histological study material; verify by histological analysis the effect on bone structure exposed to acidic, alkaline, sodium hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Toxicología y Legislación Sanitaria, leída el 27-06-2017