Publication: La construcción de la alteridad a través de la política pública turística: el caso del Programa Nacional de Turismo Rural Comunitario en el Distrito de Capachica, Puno, Perú
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2018-04-23
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Esta tesis analiza el lugar ocupado por el Turismo Rural Comunitario (TRC) en los procesos de alterización que tienen lugar en el Perú y la resignificación de la identidad de las comunidades campesinas peruanas y cuando esta modalidad de turismo pasa a ser una política pública. Con este fin, hemos trabajado esta cuestión en profundidad en cinco comunidades y centros poblados del Distrito de Capachica, Lago Titikaka, Puno, Perú, desde una perspectiva antropológica. Así, hemos hecho uso de varias herramientas analíticas: por una parte fuentes secundarias relacionadas con el contexto político social, nacional e internacional, en el que se desarrolló y ejecuta hoy esta política pública; y, por otra parte, fuentes primarias, a saber, entrevistas no dirigidas, dirigidas y observaciones realizadas a lo largo del trabajo de campo en Capachica. La alteridad resultante de la ejecución de esta política pública en el Distrito de Capachica sólo se puede entender contemplando tres vertientes. La primera está relacionada con las alteridades históricas que han tenido lugar en el territorio peruano y que se traducen en una división geográfica y socio-cultural entre los habitantes de la sierra (y de la selva), los indígenas luego denominados campesinos, y aquellas personas que viven en la costa, históricamente la oligarquía criolla. En la concepción de la alteridad hacia la población de la sierra sur del Perú, los planteamientos relativos a las minorías étnicas enmarcados en la corriente del multiculturalismo neoliberal llevaron a cambiar, de alguna forma, el enfoque de las políticas y el tratamiento en general dado a los grupos de población objetivos de éstas. La segunda vertiente a contemplar está relacionada con el hecho de que el Programa Nacional de Turismo Rural Comunitario (PNTRC) tiene su origen en el marco de la cooperación internacional. Pues se desarrolla como una herramienta para promover el desarrollo económico y social de las comunidades campesinas, así, desde sus inicios, está cargado de principios desarrollistas relacionados con la pobreza, la calidad de vida...
This thesis analyses the extent to which Community-based Rural Tourism (Turismo Rural Comunitario) takes part in the alterization processes that are currently taking place in Peru and the re-significance of the identity of Peru’s rural communities after the integration of community-based rural tourism in public policies through the National Program of Community-based Rural Tourism (PNTRC). Our study has lead us to work in depth form an anthropological perspective, within five rural communities of the Capachica District (Titicaca Lake-Puno, Peru) using different analytical tools. We collected information form Primary Sources through direct and non-direct interviews and various observations carried out during our fieldwork in Capachica. We also consulted Secondary Sources related to the national and international sociopolitical context in which this policy has been developed and is executed today. The alterity resulting of the execution of this policy in the District of Capachica can only be understood if the following three aspects are taken into account. The first one is related to the historical alterities that have taken place on the peruvian territory, leading to a geographical and socio-cultural division between the inhabitants of the sierra-mountain land- (and those of the selva –jungle land-), the indigenous later called campesinos (country people), and the people who live on the coast, historically the creole oligarchy. In the conception of the alterity, the approach related to the ethnic minorities such as the population of south Peru’s sierra, framed in the neoliberal multiculturalism line of thoughts, lead to a change, in the focus given to the policies and the general treatment given to the targeted population groups. The second aspect is related to the fact that the PNTRC is rooted within the context of the International Cooperation Program. Being developed as a tool to promote the economic and social development of the rural communities, reason why, since the beginning, it is in charge of development principles related with poverty, life quality...
This thesis analyses the extent to which Community-based Rural Tourism (Turismo Rural Comunitario) takes part in the alterization processes that are currently taking place in Peru and the re-significance of the identity of Peru’s rural communities after the integration of community-based rural tourism in public policies through the National Program of Community-based Rural Tourism (PNTRC). Our study has lead us to work in depth form an anthropological perspective, within five rural communities of the Capachica District (Titicaca Lake-Puno, Peru) using different analytical tools. We collected information form Primary Sources through direct and non-direct interviews and various observations carried out during our fieldwork in Capachica. We also consulted Secondary Sources related to the national and international sociopolitical context in which this policy has been developed and is executed today. The alterity resulting of the execution of this policy in the District of Capachica can only be understood if the following three aspects are taken into account. The first one is related to the historical alterities that have taken place on the peruvian territory, leading to a geographical and socio-cultural division between the inhabitants of the sierra-mountain land- (and those of the selva –jungle land-), the indigenous later called campesinos (country people), and the people who live on the coast, historically the creole oligarchy. In the conception of the alterity, the approach related to the ethnic minorities such as the population of south Peru’s sierra, framed in the neoliberal multiculturalism line of thoughts, lead to a change, in the focus given to the policies and the general treatment given to the targeted population groups. The second aspect is related to the fact that the PNTRC is rooted within the context of the International Cooperation Program. Being developed as a tool to promote the economic and social development of the rural communities, reason why, since the beginning, it is in charge of development principles related with poverty, life quality...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociología, leída el 03/07/2017