Publication: Two-dimensional density-matrix topological fermionic phases: topological Uhlmann numbers
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2014-08-13
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American Physical Society
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Abstract
We construct a topological invariant that classifies density matrices of symmetry-protected topological orders in two-dimensional fermionic systems. As it is constructed out of the previously introduced Uhlmann phase, we refer to it as the topological Uhlmann number n_(U). With it, we study thermal topological phases in several two-dimensional models of topological insulators and superconductors, computing phase diagrams where the temperature T is on an equal footing with the coupling constants in the Hamiltonian. Moreover, we find novel thermal-topological transitions between two nontrivial phases in a model with high Chern numbers. At small temperatures we recover the standard topological phases as the Uhlmann number approaches to the Chern number.
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© 2014 American Physical Society. We are thankful for the following: the Spanish MINECO Grants No. FIS2012-33152 and No. FIS2009-10061, the CAM research consortium QUITEMAD S2009-ESP-1594, the European Commission PICC: FP7 2007-2013, Grant No. 249958, the UCM-BS Grant No. GICC-910758, and the FPU MEC Grant and Residencia de Estudiantes.