Publication: La inserción del discurso nacionalista en la retórica del gobierno mexicano (1939-1948 y 1983-2002)
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2018-05-28
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La construcción de las representaciones que se han desarrollado en México para asumir una identidad nacional ha referido el concurso de factores diversos. En los albores del siglo XX, tras la Revolución Mexicana que inició en 1910, los grupos políticos beneficiados por el movimiento armado asumieron el poder gubernamental, y su discurso se convirtió en uno de los principales referentes que caracterizaron un concepto de nacionalismo que intentó integrar a una sociedad heterogénea y desarticulada. El análisis de contenido de ese discurso, proveniente del mensaje político de los informes de gobierno de los presidentes mexicanos es el objeto de estudio de mi tesis. Aquí, se expone el análisis de contenido que he llevado a cabo de discursos presidenciales que se difundieron durante dos etapas fundamentales de la historia nacional: la posrevolucionaria (1939 – 1948) y la neoliberal (1983 – 2002). Y se da cuenta de cómo han sido las representaciones identitarias que en esos relatos se fueron construyendo y transformando, en relación con los aconteceres históricos que se sucedieron a lo largo de esas etapas. El propósito por abordar la etapa posrevolucionaria responde a que en ella se fundamentó el carácter del ser nacional, conocido en su visión contemporánea. Antes de la Revolución de 1910, el nacionalismo fue un término débil, no extendido ni con suficientes cimientos. En la etapa identificada como “Neoliberal” el proceso de apertura comercial se aceleró de manera masiva a partir de la década de los años 80 del siglo pasado, y estuvo matizada como su nombre indica por la lógica del neoliberalismo. En el estudio que se presenta, se decidió contrastar la etapa posrevolucionaria con la neoliberal para identificar el desarrollo discursivo del concepto nacional y sus referentes afines, así como describir el peso que ha tenido en ambas etapas aquello que identifica, desde el discurso gubernamental, la identidad mexicana. En esta tesis se describe la metodología que estudia 30 mensajes políticos de siete presidentes, seis del Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI) y uno de la oposición, Vicente Fox, quien inició el siglo XXI con altas expectativas, desmarcado ya del referente revolucionario, y perteneciente a la derecha política, la del Partido Acción Nacional (PAN) Los discursos de gobierno pueden ser estudiados como productos comunicativos que tienen funciones mediadoras. Estas mediaciones operan en los informes, cuando ofrecen interpretaciones sobre la realidad. Esas visiones del mundo son identificables en las representaciones de lo que hay y de lo que pasa contenidas en dichos relatos...
The constructions of the representations that have developed in Mexico to adopt a national identity have referred to the concourse of various factors. In the dawn of the twentieth century, after the Mexican Revolution began in 1910, the political beneficiaries of the armed movement assumed governmental power, and their speech became one of the main referents that characterized a concept of nationalism that tried to integrate a non-heterogeneous and disjointed society. The content analysis of that speech is sustained in the political message of government reports that Mexican presidents give to the nation; this is the subject matter of my thesis. Here I expose the content analysis of presidential speeches that were delivered during two fundamental stages of national history: the post-revolutionary (1939-1948) and the neoliberal (1983-2002). It is given into account on how the identity representations in those stories were built and transformed in relation to historical events that occurred throughout these stages. The interest in addressing the post-revolutionary stage responds, to the knowledge, in its modern vision, that in this particular stage the character of the national identity was forged. Before the 1910 Revolution, nationalism was a weak term, neither widespread nor with enough basis. In the most recent stage, identified as "Neoliberal", the process of trade liberalization was accelerated with particular emphasis and massively from the decade of the 80’s of the last century, and that was oriented, as its name suggests, by the logic of neoliberalism. In this study presented, it was decided to contrast the post-revolutionary era with the neoliberal to identify the discursive development of the national concept as well as its related referents, and moreover to describe the weight it has had on both stages that identifies, from the government discourse, the Mexican identity...
The constructions of the representations that have developed in Mexico to adopt a national identity have referred to the concourse of various factors. In the dawn of the twentieth century, after the Mexican Revolution began in 1910, the political beneficiaries of the armed movement assumed governmental power, and their speech became one of the main referents that characterized a concept of nationalism that tried to integrate a non-heterogeneous and disjointed society. The content analysis of that speech is sustained in the political message of government reports that Mexican presidents give to the nation; this is the subject matter of my thesis. Here I expose the content analysis of presidential speeches that were delivered during two fundamental stages of national history: the post-revolutionary (1939-1948) and the neoliberal (1983-2002). It is given into account on how the identity representations in those stories were built and transformed in relation to historical events that occurred throughout these stages. The interest in addressing the post-revolutionary stage responds, to the knowledge, in its modern vision, that in this particular stage the character of the national identity was forged. Before the 1910 Revolution, nationalism was a weak term, neither widespread nor with enough basis. In the most recent stage, identified as "Neoliberal", the process of trade liberalization was accelerated with particular emphasis and massively from the decade of the 80’s of the last century, and that was oriented, as its name suggests, by the logic of neoliberalism. In this study presented, it was decided to contrast the post-revolutionary era with the neoliberal to identify the discursive development of the national concept as well as its related referents, and moreover to describe the weight it has had on both stages that identifies, from the government discourse, the Mexican identity...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias de la Información, leída el 06-02-2017