Publication: Enfoque informativo de los conflictos yugoslavos. El tratamiento de la independencia de Kosovo en la prensa española
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2018-06-01
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La desintegración de Yugoslavia fue una etapa histórica ampliamente recogida por los medios de comunicación de todo el mundo. La manera en la que los antiguos territorios yugoslavos fueron conquistando su independencia fue diversa, unos lo hicieron por las armas, otros por decreto, en el caso de Montenegro fue con un pacífico referendum. De todas ellas, la más compleja fue la de Kosovo. En la antigua región serbia se dieron la mayor cantidad de fenómenos que suelen caracterizar los procesos independentistas en todo el mundo. En Kosovo hubo resistencia pacífica durante los años 90 cuando Ibrahim Rugova lideró el que fue denominado como "estado paralelo" como forma de resistencia ante un gobierno serbio que había restringido los derechos nacionales de los albaneses y la autonomía del territorio. A finales de la década, grupos nacionalistas radicales albaneses optaron por la lucha armada e iniciaron una serie de atentados terroristas y acciones de guerrilla. En un año se produjo una escalada de violencia que acabó en guerra abierta. La comunidad internacional medió en el conflicto e inició unas conversaciones de paz en la Conferencia de Rambouillet. No fue posible ningún acuerdo y la OTAN intervino militarmente bombardeando Yugoslavia durante tres meses. Tras la retirada de las fuerzas serbias de Kosovo, la ONU se hizo cargo del territorio hasta que, en 2008, el parlamento de Kosovo votó su independencia, que no fue reconocida por España. Todos estos episodios eran susceptibles de ser comparados o analizados desde la óptica de otros lugares en los que actúan movimientos independentistas. En España, las polémicas relativas a la unidad territorial del país o su descentralización han ido creciendo durante los últimos años y estas se vieron reflejadas en la actualidad que llegaba de Balcanes. Por este motivo, el lógico interés que despertó un conflicto de esta naturaleza en la prensa mundial, en España fue un tanto mayor por su política interior. Mediante el análisis de contenido, esta tesis pretende analizar si existió un sesgo informativo en el tratamiento de la independencia de Kosovo de 2008 según la posición de los medios españoles con respecto a los problemas territoriales de España...
The disintegration of Yugoslavia was an historical chapter widely covered by all the world media. The manners in which the former Yugoslav territories were conquering their independence were diverse, some by arms, others by decree, in the case of Montenegro it was with a peaceful referendum. Of all of these, Kosovo was the most complex. The former serbian region had the many examples that often characterize the processes of independence throughout the world. In Kosovo, there was peaceful resistance during the 90s, when Ibrahim Rugova lead the 'Paralell state" named movement as way of resistance to a serbian goverment who limited the albanian national rights and the autonomy of the territory. At the end of the decade, albanian radical nationalist groups chose armed fight and started a serie of terrorists attacks and guerrilla actions. In one year, there was an escalation of violence that ended in open war. The internacional comunity mediate in the conflict and started a peace conversations in the Rambouillet Conference. When no agreement posible, the NATO intervened bombing Yugoslavia during three months. After the withdrawal of serbian forces in Kosovo, the UN took charge of the territory until 2008, when Kosovo parliament voted for independance, not recognized by Spain until today. All of these episodes were susceptible of beign compared or analyzed from the perspective of other places in which independence movements act. In Spain, the controversies about the territorial unity of the country or its descentralization were growing during last years and were reflected in the topical issues coming from Balkans. Therefore, the interest of this topic was bigger in Spain than in the rest of the world press because of spanish internal political issues. Through content analysis this thesis aims to analyze if the information about the independence of Kosovo in 2008 was bias according to the position of the spanish media with respect to the territorial problems of Spain...
The disintegration of Yugoslavia was an historical chapter widely covered by all the world media. The manners in which the former Yugoslav territories were conquering their independence were diverse, some by arms, others by decree, in the case of Montenegro it was with a peaceful referendum. Of all of these, Kosovo was the most complex. The former serbian region had the many examples that often characterize the processes of independence throughout the world. In Kosovo, there was peaceful resistance during the 90s, when Ibrahim Rugova lead the 'Paralell state" named movement as way of resistance to a serbian goverment who limited the albanian national rights and the autonomy of the territory. At the end of the decade, albanian radical nationalist groups chose armed fight and started a serie of terrorists attacks and guerrilla actions. In one year, there was an escalation of violence that ended in open war. The internacional comunity mediate in the conflict and started a peace conversations in the Rambouillet Conference. When no agreement posible, the NATO intervened bombing Yugoslavia during three months. After the withdrawal of serbian forces in Kosovo, the UN took charge of the territory until 2008, when Kosovo parliament voted for independance, not recognized by Spain until today. All of these episodes were susceptible of beign compared or analyzed from the perspective of other places in which independence movements act. In Spain, the controversies about the territorial unity of the country or its descentralization were growing during last years and were reflected in the topical issues coming from Balkans. Therefore, the interest of this topic was bigger in Spain than in the rest of the world press because of spanish internal political issues. Through content analysis this thesis aims to analyze if the information about the independence of Kosovo in 2008 was bias according to the position of the spanish media with respect to the territorial problems of Spain...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias de la Información, Departamento de Periodismo II, leída el 24/10/2017