Publication: Los derechos fundamentales de los parlamentarios en España y Perú: un estudio comparado
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2018-06-11
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La investigación compara los derechos fundamentales de los parlamentarios en España y Perú, y la tutela que han merecido por los Tribunales Constitucionales, el Tribunal Europeo y la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos. Estos derechos son importantes para concretizar los principios de participación ciudadana, representación política y respeto a la oposición política que fundamentan el Estado de Derecho y la democracia representativa. Por un lado, estos derechos han adquirido una triple dimensión sustantiva: al acceso, a la permanencia y al desempeño o ejercicio efectivo del cargo público representativo, a partir de una interpretación jurisprudencial del artículo 23.2 de la Constitución Española. Por otro, han suscitado una cuarta dimensión procesal que protege las garantías del debido proceso en las cámaras, de acuerdo al artículo 139 de la Constitución del Perú y el artículo 8 de la Convención Americana sobre Derechos Humanos. La tutela por parte de los Tribunales Constitucionales, el Tribunal Europeo y la Corte Interamericana debe examinar de modo conjunto los derechos sustantivos de los parlamentarios, con las garantías procesales más adecuadas a dichos derechos. Ello para impedir el abuso del poder de los órganos estatales y parlamentarios y las violaciones consecuentes de los derechos fundamentales. En los últimos casos, la Corte Interamericana recurre al examen de ambos derechos separando las facultades sustantivas y las garantías procesales, pero luego reuniéndolos como conjunto, porque el acceso y el cese que determinan los derechos, deben respetar las garantías procesales reconocidas por la Convención. Además, los Estados parte no pueden imponer requisitos excesivos y desproporcionados que impidan la participación de los candidatos en las elecciones, y deben contemplar garantías procesales específicas en los procedimientos ante los órganos electorales...
This research compares MPś fundamental rights as they are recognized in Spain and Peru and judicial proceedings for their protection by the Constitutional Courts, the European Court and the Inter American Court of Human Rights. These rights are important in order to specify some principles such as political participation, representation and respect for the oppositiońs status, all of which are basic for the Rule of Law and representative democracy. On one hand, the right to passive suffrage has acquired a triple dimension: to access, to remain and afterwards to hold and exercise a representative public office, an understanding which comes from constitutional case-law based on article 23.2 Spanish Constitution. But there might also be a fourth dimension related with due process of law within the Houses according to article 139 of the Peruvian Constitution and article 8 of the American Convention on Human Rights. Judicial Review by the Constitutional Courts, the European Court and the Inter American Court must examine these fundamental rights of MPs following an integrated and balanced approach, and treating substantive rights and procedural guarantees as a whole, in order to avoid the abuse of political power by public bodies and parliamentary authorities and consequent violations of fundamental rights. In recent cases, the Interamerican Court has reviewed these rights separating substantive faculties and procedural guarantees, but then rejoining them into a complex system, given that both accession and cessation should respect the procedural guarantees that the American Convention protects. In adittion, member States cannot impose unproportioned or excessive requirements for elector candidates and shall provide and secure specific guarantees in electoral proceedings.
This research compares MPś fundamental rights as they are recognized in Spain and Peru and judicial proceedings for their protection by the Constitutional Courts, the European Court and the Inter American Court of Human Rights. These rights are important in order to specify some principles such as political participation, representation and respect for the oppositiońs status, all of which are basic for the Rule of Law and representative democracy. On one hand, the right to passive suffrage has acquired a triple dimension: to access, to remain and afterwards to hold and exercise a representative public office, an understanding which comes from constitutional case-law based on article 23.2 Spanish Constitution. But there might also be a fourth dimension related with due process of law within the Houses according to article 139 of the Peruvian Constitution and article 8 of the American Convention on Human Rights. Judicial Review by the Constitutional Courts, the European Court and the Inter American Court must examine these fundamental rights of MPs following an integrated and balanced approach, and treating substantive rights and procedural guarantees as a whole, in order to avoid the abuse of political power by public bodies and parliamentary authorities and consequent violations of fundamental rights. In recent cases, the Interamerican Court has reviewed these rights separating substantive faculties and procedural guarantees, but then rejoining them into a complex system, given that both accession and cessation should respect the procedural guarantees that the American Convention protects. In adittion, member States cannot impose unproportioned or excessive requirements for elector candidates and shall provide and secure specific guarantees in electoral proceedings.
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Derecho, Departamento de Derecho Constitucional, leída el 14-06-2017