Publication: Ciclo integral del agua: gestión y financiación sostenible en la experiencia de España y Chile
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2018-06-15
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Ante la creciente presión que existe sobre el agua y la menor disponibilidad del recurso a causa del cambio climático, garantizar el buen funcionamiento del ciclo integral del agua, es decir, contar con la seguridad del agua (seguridad humana, económica y ecológica), se ha convertido en un objetivo esencial para la comunidad local e internacional. De esta manera, nuestro estudio se basa en sus dos etapas esenciales: el abastecimiento de agua potable (distribución y suministro), y el saneamiento de aguas residuales (depuración y tratamiento). Tal es la crisis del agua, que datos de la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos señalan que cerca del 40% de la población mundial vive actualmente en situación de estrés hídrico y que la demanda de agua aumentará en un 55% con respecto a la actual para el año 2050. Asimismo, las tendencias hacia el aumento de la escasez del agua y las sequías en Europa son preocupantes, se prevé afectarán en 2030 a aproximadamente la mitad de las cuencas hidrográficas de la Unión Europea, esperándose además un incremento en la demanda de agua en un 40% para 2030. El caso de Chile no es distinto, los niveles promedio de las lluvias disminuyen año a año, los ríos están en sus niveles mínimos estadísticos y los embalses registran un déficit actual de 39% respecto a sus promedios. Además, a nivel global, más del 80% de las aguas residuales se descargan directamente en el medio ambiente sin tratamiento previo alguno...
Given the increasing pressure that exists regarding water and the lower availability of this resource due to climate change, ensuring the proper operation of the integral water cycle, that is, guarantee water security (human, economic, and ecological security), has become an essential objective for the local and international community. Thus, our study is based on its two essential stages: drinking water supply (distribution and provision) and wastewater sanitation (purification and treatment). The water crisis is such, that data from the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development indicates that about 40% of the world population currently lives in a situation of water stress, and that the demand for water will have a 55% increase compared to the current demand by year 2050. Likewise, the trends toward increasing water scarcity and droughts in Europe are worrying, they are expected to affect approximately half of the water basins of the European Union by 2030, while it is also expected a 40% increase in water demand. The Chilean case is no different, average levels of rainfall decrease year-by-year, rivers are at their minimum statistical levels, and the water reservoirs record a current deficit of 39% compared to their averages. In addition, at global level, over 80% of wastewaters are discharged directly into the environment without any prior treatment...
Given the increasing pressure that exists regarding water and the lower availability of this resource due to climate change, ensuring the proper operation of the integral water cycle, that is, guarantee water security (human, economic, and ecological security), has become an essential objective for the local and international community. Thus, our study is based on its two essential stages: drinking water supply (distribution and provision) and wastewater sanitation (purification and treatment). The water crisis is such, that data from the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development indicates that about 40% of the world population currently lives in a situation of water stress, and that the demand for water will have a 55% increase compared to the current demand by year 2050. Likewise, the trends toward increasing water scarcity and droughts in Europe are worrying, they are expected to affect approximately half of the water basins of the European Union by 2030, while it is also expected a 40% increase in water demand. The Chilean case is no different, average levels of rainfall decrease year-by-year, rivers are at their minimum statistical levels, and the water reservoirs record a current deficit of 39% compared to their averages. In addition, at global level, over 80% of wastewaters are discharged directly into the environment without any prior treatment...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Derecho, leída el 16-06-2017