Publication: Estudio tafonómico de los niveles arqueológicos de BK (Bell Korongo), garganta de Olduvai, Tanzania
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2018-08-21
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
El yacimiento de Bell Korongo (BK) se localiza en la garganta secundaria de Olduvai (Tanzania), en la parte su-perior del lecho II y tiene una crono-logía de 1.34 Ma. (Domínguez-Ro-drigo et al., 2013). El paleoambiente corresponde a una llanura fluvial donde se combinan hábitats boscosos y de pradera. Las primeras excavaciones en BK fue-ron realizadas por Louis y Mary Leakey a mediados del siglo XX, quié-nes sacaron a la luz abundante mate-rial lítico y faunístico. Ambos investi-gadores determinaron que el conjunto de BK tenía un origen antrópico y co-rrespondía a una acumulación resul-tado del consumo de carcasas por parte de los homininos (Leakey 1954, 58, Leakey 1971). Las revisiones llevadas a cabo sobre el material recuperado por los Leakey tanto en yacimientos del lecho I como del lecho II, ponen de manifiesto que muchos de los yacimientos considera-dos antrópicos son palimpsestos, re-sultado de la acción de los carnívoros y homininos de manera independiente o con una interacción mínima. Por ejemplo, la mayoría de los yacimientos del lecho I (excepto FLK Zinj) corres-ponden a acumulaciones generadas por felinos (Domínguez-Rodrigo et al. 2007a). En el lecho II las acumulacio-nes óseas en algunos de los yacimien-tos clásicos se deben a muertes natu-rales o a la acción de los carnívoros (MNK Main y HWK East) con un im-pacto menor de los homininos, aunque en algunos yacimientos determinar cuál fue el agente acumulador resulta difícil de discernir (FC West o TK) (Egeland et al, 2008; 12TYravedra et al 201512T)...
The site of Bell Korongo (BK) has a chronology of 1.34 Ma. (Domínguez-Rodrigo et al., 2013) and it is located in the secondary gorge of Olduvai (Tanzania) at the top of bed II. The paleoenvironment of this site corre-sponds to a floodplain where forest and prairie habitats are combined. The initial excavations in BK were conducted by Louis and Mary Leakey in the middle of the twentieth century. During this time, a series of findings were made, recovering abundant lithic and faunal material. The re-searchers determined that BK was an anthropic accumulation resulting from consumption of carcasses by hominins (Leakey 1954, 1958; Leakey 1971). The first analysis on the material re-covered by the Leakeys in deposits from bed I and bed II, show that many sites considered to be anthropic are instead palimpsests, resulting from carnivore and hominin independent activities or with minimal interaction. For example, most of the deposits of bed I (except FLK Zinj) correspond to accumulations generated by felids (Domínguez-Rodrigo et al. 2007a). Bone accumulations in some of the classic deposits from bed II, corre-spond to natural deaths or carnivore activities (MNK Main and HWK East) with less impact from hominins. However, it is important to note that some times it is difficult to determine the cause of these accumulations in some sites (FC West or TK) (12TEgeland et al., 200812T; 12TYravedra et al., 201512T)...
The site of Bell Korongo (BK) has a chronology of 1.34 Ma. (Domínguez-Rodrigo et al., 2013) and it is located in the secondary gorge of Olduvai (Tanzania) at the top of bed II. The paleoenvironment of this site corre-sponds to a floodplain where forest and prairie habitats are combined. The initial excavations in BK were conducted by Louis and Mary Leakey in the middle of the twentieth century. During this time, a series of findings were made, recovering abundant lithic and faunal material. The re-searchers determined that BK was an anthropic accumulation resulting from consumption of carcasses by hominins (Leakey 1954, 1958; Leakey 1971). The first analysis on the material re-covered by the Leakeys in deposits from bed I and bed II, show that many sites considered to be anthropic are instead palimpsests, resulting from carnivore and hominin independent activities or with minimal interaction. For example, most of the deposits of bed I (except FLK Zinj) correspond to accumulations generated by felids (Domínguez-Rodrigo et al. 2007a). Bone accumulations in some of the classic deposits from bed II, corre-spond to natural deaths or carnivore activities (MNK Main and HWK East) with less impact from hominins. However, it is important to note that some times it is difficult to determine the cause of these accumulations in some sites (FC West or TK) (12TEgeland et al., 200812T; 12TYravedra et al., 201512T)...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Geografía e Historia, Departamento de Prehistoria, leída el 23-03-2017