Publication: Análogos de nucleósidos en la búsqueda de agentes antivirales
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2018-08-31
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Los virus son los agentes etiológicos responsables de muchas enfermedades en humanos que van desde leves (p. ej. resfriado común) a letales (p. ej. la viruela, el SIDA, etc). Asimismo, los virus juegan un papel importante en el desarrollo de ciertos tipos de cáncer. Actualmente, se conocen más de 219 especies de virus capaces de infectar seres humanos. Algunos de estos virus son responsables de importantes infecciones virales: como el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH-1) responsable del SIDA (37-40 millones de personas infectadas en el mundo); el virus influenza que causa cerca de 250.000-500.000 muertes anuales; el virus de la hepatitis B y el virus de la hepatitis C (VHB y VHC) con 240 y 140 millones de personas infectadas, respectivamente; el virus herpes simplex (VHS) causante de neumonía, encefalitis, meningitis, lesiones genitales, etc; el virus varicela zóster (VVZ) y el citomegalovirus humano (CMVH), ambos pertenecientes a la familia de los virus herpes, responsables de graves enfermedades en pacientes inmunodeprimidos. Las enfermedades virales (re)emergentes suponen una amenaza para la humanidad. En un mundo globalizado como en el que vivimos, una infección viral que aparece en un lugar distinto y remoto a su entorno natural, puede ser fácilmente diseminada a otras partes del mundo y como consecuencia se pueden originar brotes virulentos de dimensiones difíciles de predecir. La mayoría de las enfermedades virales (re)emergentes están causadas por virus ARN que en general muestran una alta capacidad de mutación comparada con la de los virus ADN...
Viruses are the aetiological agents of several human diseases ranging from mild (i.e. commond cold) to lethal (i.e. smallpox, AIDS, etc.). Moreover, they also play an important role in the development of some kinds of cancers. There are more than 219 known species of viruses capable of infecting humans. Some examples of these viruses, responsible the most important viral infections, include Human immunodeficeincy virus (HIV-1) responsible of AIDS (37-40 million people infected around the world); Influenza viruses that cause among 250.000-500.000 deads anually; Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Viruses (HBV and HCV) with approximately 240 and 140 million people infected, respectively; Herpes simplex viruses (HSV) causing several serious diseases as pneumonia, encephalitis, meningitis, genital lessions etc.; Virus varicella zoster (VZV) and Human citomegalovirus (HCMV), both belonging to the herpesvirus family, causing serious diseases in immunosuppressed patients. (Re)emerging viral diseases are serious threats to humanity. In a globalized world a viral infection that appears in a remote site is rapidly spread to other parts of the world and as a consequence may originate virulent pandemias of dimensions difficult to predict. Most of the (re)emerging viral diseases are caused by RNA viruses (with a higher rate of mutation and thus of adaptation than DNA viruses). Currently there are a limited number of antivirals to treat a limited number of diseases caused by viruses, therefore there is an urgent need for the discovery of new wide-spectrum antivirals that may act to a common target of different viruses. The viruses use the celular machinery for the replication, for the synthesis of their nucleic acids and for the transcription of the genomic information. Viral polymerases play a key role in the replication of the viral genoma. In particular, catallyze the synthesis of nucleic acids...
Viruses are the aetiological agents of several human diseases ranging from mild (i.e. commond cold) to lethal (i.e. smallpox, AIDS, etc.). Moreover, they also play an important role in the development of some kinds of cancers. There are more than 219 known species of viruses capable of infecting humans. Some examples of these viruses, responsible the most important viral infections, include Human immunodeficeincy virus (HIV-1) responsible of AIDS (37-40 million people infected around the world); Influenza viruses that cause among 250.000-500.000 deads anually; Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Viruses (HBV and HCV) with approximately 240 and 140 million people infected, respectively; Herpes simplex viruses (HSV) causing several serious diseases as pneumonia, encephalitis, meningitis, genital lessions etc.; Virus varicella zoster (VZV) and Human citomegalovirus (HCMV), both belonging to the herpesvirus family, causing serious diseases in immunosuppressed patients. (Re)emerging viral diseases are serious threats to humanity. In a globalized world a viral infection that appears in a remote site is rapidly spread to other parts of the world and as a consequence may originate virulent pandemias of dimensions difficult to predict. Most of the (re)emerging viral diseases are caused by RNA viruses (with a higher rate of mutation and thus of adaptation than DNA viruses). Currently there are a limited number of antivirals to treat a limited number of diseases caused by viruses, therefore there is an urgent need for the discovery of new wide-spectrum antivirals that may act to a common target of different viruses. The viruses use the celular machinery for the replication, for the synthesis of their nucleic acids and for the transcription of the genomic information. Viral polymerases play a key role in the replication of the viral genoma. In particular, catallyze the synthesis of nucleic acids...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Química Orgánica I, leída el 23-05-2017