Publication: Diabetes y Alzheimer
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2016
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Abstract
La Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) y la enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) son dos enfermedades crónicas cuya prevalencia ha ido creciendo de forma paralela durante las últimas décadas, situándose entre las principales causas de morbilidad y mortalidad a nivel mundial. Distintos estudios epidemiológicos han revelado que la DM2 es un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de la EA, aunque los mecanismos que relacionan ambas patologías todavía no se conocen. Una de las hipótesis propuestas, de mayor relevancia, se sustenta en el concepto de la EA como un nuevo tipo de diabetes, diabetes tipo 3, en la que se produciría deficiencia de insulina y resistencia a la misma en el cerebro, lo cual conduciría a una progresiva neurodegeneración. Por otra parte, algunas investigaciones recientes se han centrado en el estudio de la amilina, una hormona producida por las células β pancréaticas que se encuentra implicada en la patogenia de ambas enfermedades, pero que podría presentar una utilidad terapéutica en el tratamiento de la EA. Una investigación más profunda de estos hallazgos permitirá conocer mejor la relación entre ambas patologías y encontrar nuevos tratamientos para disminuir el desarrollo de la EA en pacientes con DM2.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are both chronic diseases whose prevalence has simultaneously grown during the last decades, becoming two of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Different epidemiological studies have characterized TDM2 as a risk factor for the development of AD, despite the molecular mechanisms that relate both diseases are still unknown. One of the most relevant hypothesis proposed is the concept of AD as a new type of diabetes, “Type 3 diabetes”, which causes insulin resistance and deficiency in the brain leading to a progressive neurodegeneration. On the other hand, new research has focused in the study of amylin, a hormone produced by pancreatic β-cells, involved in the pathogeny of both disorders but, interstingly, it could provide therapeutic benefits for the treatment of AD. Further research will allow a better understanding of the connection between these diseases and the discovery of new treatments to prevent the development of AD in patients with T2DM.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are both chronic diseases whose prevalence has simultaneously grown during the last decades, becoming two of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Different epidemiological studies have characterized TDM2 as a risk factor for the development of AD, despite the molecular mechanisms that relate both diseases are still unknown. One of the most relevant hypothesis proposed is the concept of AD as a new type of diabetes, “Type 3 diabetes”, which causes insulin resistance and deficiency in the brain leading to a progressive neurodegeneration. On the other hand, new research has focused in the study of amylin, a hormone produced by pancreatic β-cells, involved in the pathogeny of both disorders but, interstingly, it could provide therapeutic benefits for the treatment of AD. Further research will allow a better understanding of the connection between these diseases and the discovery of new treatments to prevent the development of AD in patients with T2DM.