Publication: Sustancias perfluoradas: PFSA, PFCA, FOSA, N-MeFOSA y N-EtFOSA. Desarrollo de metodologías analíticas y aplicación a muestras ambientales
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2018-09-11
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Las sustancias perfluoradas (PFAS), y más concretamente los perfluoroalquil sulfonatos (PFSA), los perfluoroalquil carboxilatos (PFCA) y las perfluorooctano sulfonamidas (FOSA), engloban un grupo de contaminantes emergentes que presentan características de persistencia, se distribuyen globalmente en el medio ambiente y pueden causar efectos adversos en los organismos vivos. Estas sustancias, debido a sus inusuales propiedades hidrofóbicas, lipofóbicas y de resistencia al calor, han sido utilizadas desde los años 50 en numerosas aplicaciones industriales y comerciales.Su liberación al medio ambiente puede suceder en cada etapa del ciclo de vida del producto fluoroquímico, tanto durante su síntesis, como durante la incorporación al producto o material que lo contiene y/o la distribución, uso y eliminación final del producto como desecho.La limitada existencia de estudios referentes a este tipo de compuestos, junto a sus propiedades toxicológicas y bioacumulativas y su inclusión en la legislación encaminada a la restricción y/o prohibición de su comercialización y uso, justifican la necesidad de su control y seguimiento. Por ello, en este trabajo de investigación, se ha desarrollado y validado un método analítico efectivo para el estudio de PFAS a nivel traza en muestras ambientales, consistente en primer lugar en una extracción mediante combinación de agitación, ultrasonicación y centrifugación seguida de una etapa de purificación mediante la técnica de extracción en fase sólida. La determinación de las sustancias perfluoradas de interés, incluyendo perfluoroalquil sulfonatos, perfluoroalquil carboxilatos y perfluorooctano sulfonamidas se llevó a cabo mediante cromatografía de líquidos de alta presión (HPLC) acoplada a espectrometría de masas (MS/MS)...
The perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs), in particular perfluoroalkylsulfonates (PFSAs), perfluoroalkylcarboxylates (PFCAs) and perfluorooctanesulfonamides (FOSAs), include a group of emerging pollutant substances which present characteristics of persistence, they are globally distributed in the environment and could cause adverse effects in organisms. These substances have been used for over 50 years in numerous industrial and commercial applications due to their unique hydrophobic, lipophobic and heat resistance properties.Their release into the environment can occur at each stage of the fluorochemical product life cycle. They can be released during their synthesis and incorporation into the product or material, and during the distribution of the product to the users, the use of the product by consumers and the disposal.The limited studies regarding this kind of compounds, their toxicological and bioaccumulative properties and their inclusion in the legislation on target to restrict and prohibit their commercialization and use, justify the necessity of their control and monitoring. Thus, in the present work, an effective analytical method has been developed and validated to study PFASs to trace level in environmental samples. The method consists in an extraction by agitation, ultrasonication and centrifugation techniques followed by a purification step by solid phase extraction. The determination of the perfluorinated alkyl substances of interest, including perfluoroalkylcarboxylates, perfluoroalkylsulfonates and perfluorooctanesulfonamides is performed by liquid chromatography (HPLC) interfaced with mass spectrometry (MS/MS)...
The perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs), in particular perfluoroalkylsulfonates (PFSAs), perfluoroalkylcarboxylates (PFCAs) and perfluorooctanesulfonamides (FOSAs), include a group of emerging pollutant substances which present characteristics of persistence, they are globally distributed in the environment and could cause adverse effects in organisms. These substances have been used for over 50 years in numerous industrial and commercial applications due to their unique hydrophobic, lipophobic and heat resistance properties.Their release into the environment can occur at each stage of the fluorochemical product life cycle. They can be released during their synthesis and incorporation into the product or material, and during the distribution of the product to the users, the use of the product by consumers and the disposal.The limited studies regarding this kind of compounds, their toxicological and bioaccumulative properties and their inclusion in the legislation on target to restrict and prohibit their commercialization and use, justify the necessity of their control and monitoring. Thus, in the present work, an effective analytical method has been developed and validated to study PFASs to trace level in environmental samples. The method consists in an extraction by agitation, ultrasonication and centrifugation techniques followed by a purification step by solid phase extraction. The determination of the perfluorinated alkyl substances of interest, including perfluoroalkylcarboxylates, perfluoroalkylsulfonates and perfluorooctanesulfonamides is performed by liquid chromatography (HPLC) interfaced with mass spectrometry (MS/MS)...
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Tesis de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Química Analítica, leída el 06-07-2017