Publication: Células madre en medicina regenerativa
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2016
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Abstract
Uno de los campos de la medicina que más expectativas ha levantado en los últimos años es la medicina regenerativa dentro de la cual se encuadra la terapia celular basada en el empleo de células madre. El aislamiento de células madre embrionarias humanas, la aparente e inesperada potencialidad de las células madre adultas (células madre mesenquimales, células madre derivadas de médula ósea…), y el desarrollo de células madre pluripotentes inducidas, nos lleva a imaginar un futuro esperanzador para un importante número de enfermedades, actualmente, incurables tales como enfermedades neurodegenerativas, enfermedades cardiacas... Aunque, se han publicado numerosos estudios, algunas cuestiones que conciernen a las células madre aún están siendo debatidas, tales como: los mecanismos moleculares de diferenciación, los métodos para prevenir la formación de teratomas tras el trasplante o las cuestiones éticas o religiosas que conciernen, especialmente, a la investigación con células madre embrionarias. A lo largo de las siguientes páginas vamos a tratar de dibujar el panorama de la investigación con células madre, describiendo los principales logros en este campo así como algunas de las preguntas pendientes de responder.
One of the fields of medicine that has raised more expectations in recent years is regenerative medicine in which the cell therapy based on the use of stem cells highlights. The isolation of human embryo stem cells, the apparent and unexpected potentiality of adult stem cells (mesenchymal stem cells, bone marrow stem cells…) and the development of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) lead us to imagine a hopeful future for a significant number of diseases that at present are incurable such as: neurodegenerative diseases, cardiac diseases… Although multiple studies were published, several issues concerning the stem cells are still debated, such as: the molecular mechanisms of differentiation, the methods to prevent teratoma formation or the ethical and religious issues regarding especially the embryonic stem cell research. In this review we will sketch out the panorama of stem cell research, describing the main achievements in this field as well as some of the questions that await an answer.
One of the fields of medicine that has raised more expectations in recent years is regenerative medicine in which the cell therapy based on the use of stem cells highlights. The isolation of human embryo stem cells, the apparent and unexpected potentiality of adult stem cells (mesenchymal stem cells, bone marrow stem cells…) and the development of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) lead us to imagine a hopeful future for a significant number of diseases that at present are incurable such as: neurodegenerative diseases, cardiac diseases… Although multiple studies were published, several issues concerning the stem cells are still debated, such as: the molecular mechanisms of differentiation, the methods to prevent teratoma formation or the ethical and religious issues regarding especially the embryonic stem cell research. In this review we will sketch out the panorama of stem cell research, describing the main achievements in this field as well as some of the questions that await an answer.