Publication: Análisis genético de la resistencia al virus de la tristeza de los cítricos (CTV) de la variedad de pumelo Citrus maxima cv. Chandler. Aplicación en la mejora varietal para la resistencia a CTV.
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2018-09-21
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Pese a la importancia económica que tienen los cítricos a nivel mundial, el desarrollo de programas de mejora genética ha sido limitado, generándose escasas variedades y, menos aún, variedades de interés comercial resistentes al ataque de patógenos. Los cítricos son afectados por numerosas plagas y enfermedades que limitan seriamente la producción. La enfermedad de la tristeza, provocada por el virus de la tristeza de los cítricos (CTV), es la que más relevancia ha tenido tanto por los daños económicos que ha causado como por los cambios que ha obligado a introducir en los sistemas de cultivo en las zonas afectadas. En España, se ha conseguido un control eficaz de la enfermedad con el uso de variedades libres de virus injertadas sobre patrones tolerantes a tristeza, producidas en el marco de un programa de certificación. Sin embargo, la llegada de aislados agresivos de CTV tendría efectos devastadores. Por otra parte, la detección en territorio español del vector más eficaz de CTV, Toxoptera citricida, representa otra amenaza que no podemos ignorar.Dada la capacidad de CTV de dispersarse de forma efectiva por vectores, la resistencia genética representa la única estrategia que permitiría su control y erradicación definitivos. En este sentido, la obtención de protección genética en cítricos frente a CTV requiere el desarrollo de programas de mejora que introduzcan resistencias en los genotipos comerciales (variedades susceptibles). Ha sido posible obtener cítricos resistentes a CTV a partir de métodos tradicionales de hibridación-selección utilizando como donante de la resistencia a Poncirus trifoliata. Sin embargo; este procedimiento se restringe a los programas de mejora de patrones, dada la dificultad de transferir la capacidad de resistencia sin transferir caracteres de la especie silvestre que provoquen la pérdida de cualidades agronómicas en el cultivar. De este modo, el desarrollo de programas de mejora de variedades basados en la incorporación de la resistencia al virus del cultivar de pumelo “Chandler” mediante hibridación controlada representa una estrategia en la lucha contra CTV...
Despite the economic impact of citrus worldwide, only a few programs have been developed aimed to generate new varieties. As a consequence, very few varieties resistant to pathogens of commertial interest have been generated so far. Citrus fruits are affected by numerous pests and diseases that severely limit production. The sadness disease, caused by the citrus tristeza virus (CTV), is the most relevant disease based on the economic damage that it causes, as well as on the changes in the cultivation systems that it imposes in the affected areas. In Spain, it has been established an effective control of the disease through the use of virus-free varieties grafted onto rootstocks tolerant to sadness, produced as part of a certification program. However, the arrival of CTV aggressive strains could have devastating effects for the Spanish citrus industry. Moreover, the most CTV effective vector, Toxoptera citricida, has already been detected in Spain, which poses a new risk that needs to be taken into consideration.Given the CTV ability to be effectively dispersed by vectors, genetic resistance is the only strategy that may allow its control and final eradication. Acquiring genetic protection requires the development of improvement plans to introduce resistance against CTV in commercial genotypes (susceptible varieties). It has already been possible to obtain CTV resistant citrus from traditional hybridization methods using Poncirus trifoliata as a resistance donor. However, this procedure is limited to the improvement of rootstocks because undesirable traits of trifoliate orange remain after several generations of backcrossing with citrus. Thus, a new strategy against the development of CTV could be the generation of citrus varieties that incorporate the resistance from Citrus máxima using controlled hybridization...
Despite the economic impact of citrus worldwide, only a few programs have been developed aimed to generate new varieties. As a consequence, very few varieties resistant to pathogens of commertial interest have been generated so far. Citrus fruits are affected by numerous pests and diseases that severely limit production. The sadness disease, caused by the citrus tristeza virus (CTV), is the most relevant disease based on the economic damage that it causes, as well as on the changes in the cultivation systems that it imposes in the affected areas. In Spain, it has been established an effective control of the disease through the use of virus-free varieties grafted onto rootstocks tolerant to sadness, produced as part of a certification program. However, the arrival of CTV aggressive strains could have devastating effects for the Spanish citrus industry. Moreover, the most CTV effective vector, Toxoptera citricida, has already been detected in Spain, which poses a new risk that needs to be taken into consideration.Given the CTV ability to be effectively dispersed by vectors, genetic resistance is the only strategy that may allow its control and final eradication. Acquiring genetic protection requires the development of improvement plans to introduce resistance against CTV in commercial genotypes (susceptible varieties). It has already been possible to obtain CTV resistant citrus from traditional hybridization methods using Poncirus trifoliata as a resistance donor. However, this procedure is limited to the improvement of rootstocks because undesirable traits of trifoliate orange remain after several generations of backcrossing with citrus. Thus, a new strategy against the development of CTV could be the generation of citrus varieties that incorporate the resistance from Citrus máxima using controlled hybridization...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, leída el 12-07-2017