Publication: El marco-víctima y la mediación técnica periodística
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2018-10-08
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Esta tesis comparte las palabras de N. Scheper Hughes y P. Bourgois (2004) aldecir que las dimensiones social y cultural son las que dotan de significado y poder a laviolencia. En esta línea, la presente investigación se ocupa del sentido que se atribuye alos efectos de esa violencia, en tanto que parte principal de sus condiciones de(im)posibilidad, preguntándose, más concretamente, a qué se llama víctima y cómo searticula esta categoría, en auge durante las últimas décadas (Wiewiorka, 2005, 2006).Con este objetivo, propongo el concepto de marco-víctima -apoyándome en el términode “marco” de G. Bateson (1972) y E. Goffman (1974)-, para señalar el anclajecronotópico de la violencia. Es decir, su dependencia de un espacio-tiempo-significadoy de un ojo que la cifra (incluida la actancia investigadora), que hace que lo que esconsiderado como violencia o como víctima (y de un tipo en concreto) varíe segúnpartamos de unas coordenadas o de otras. De esta forma, estudiar el marco-víctimasignifica buscar qué es lo que hace a una víctima en tanto que tal, que varía espaciotemporalmente,y que tiene mucho más que ver con las actancias que le dotan de sentidoy de visibilidad que con los efectos materiales de la violencia que se pretenden retratar.Focalizo en el aporte que los medios de comunicación hacen al marco-víctima y, coneste fin, tomo de B. Latour el concepto de “mediación técnica” (1998a, 1998b, 1999a,1999b, 2005), que me permite ver cómo los distintos agentes (humanos y no-humanos)que componen esa mediación técnica periodística contribuyen con su (no) hacer a lapuesta en circulación (y, por lo tanto, a la re-producción) del marco-víctima...
This Thesis shares the words of N. Scheper Hughes and P. Bourgois (2004)when they affirm that the social and cultural dimensions are the ones which endowviolence with meaning and power. In this direction, the current investigation deals withmeaning attributed to the effects of that violence -since it forms part of their(im)possibility conditions-, and wonders, more concretely, what is called a victim andhow this category is articulated, which is at its peak during last decades (Wiewiorka,2005, 2006).To this end, I propose the concept of victim-frame –based on the term ‘frame’ of G.Bateson (1972) and E. Goffman (1974)-, to point out the chronotopic anchorage ofviolence. In other words, its dependence on a space-time-meaning and on an eye thatencodes it (including the investigating agency), which makes that what is considered asviolence or as a victim (within a particular type) varies depending on the coordinatesfrom which we depart. In this way, to study the victim-frame means to look for whatmakes a victim to be a victim, which varies space-temporally, and has much more to dowith the agencies that endow it with meaning and visibility than with the materialeffects of violence that are intended to portray...
This Thesis shares the words of N. Scheper Hughes and P. Bourgois (2004)when they affirm that the social and cultural dimensions are the ones which endowviolence with meaning and power. In this direction, the current investigation deals withmeaning attributed to the effects of that violence -since it forms part of their(im)possibility conditions-, and wonders, more concretely, what is called a victim andhow this category is articulated, which is at its peak during last decades (Wiewiorka,2005, 2006).To this end, I propose the concept of victim-frame –based on the term ‘frame’ of G.Bateson (1972) and E. Goffman (1974)-, to point out the chronotopic anchorage ofviolence. In other words, its dependence on a space-time-meaning and on an eye thatencodes it (including the investigating agency), which makes that what is considered asviolence or as a victim (within a particular type) varies depending on the coordinatesfrom which we depart. In this way, to study the victim-frame means to look for whatmakes a victim to be a victim, which varies space-temporally, and has much more to dowith the agencies that endow it with meaning and visibility than with the materialeffects of violence that are intended to portray...
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Tesis de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociología, Departamento de Sociología IV (Teoría Sociológica), leída el 14-06-2017