Publication: Influencia del tejido de origen sobre el potencial osteogénico de células madre mesenquimales en distintas superficies
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2021-07-06
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La regeneración y remodelación ósea pueden considerarse como las dos caras de una moneda ya que ambos procesos consisten en la formación de hueso nuevo pero que suceden en distintas situaciones. Mientras la remodelación es un proceso que se da a lo largo de la vida, la regeneración se produce principalmente durante la curación de hueso. Es sabido que en el caso de fracturas o lesiones óseas pequeñas el hueso tiene una capacidad innata reparativa sin que haya formación de cicatriz. Estos procesos regenerativos se ven superados en gran medida por algunos daños óseos mayores; como es el caso de las cirugías de reconstrucción, los defectos óseos de distinto origen (traumático, infeccioso y tumoral) o las displasias esqueléticas congénitas. En la actualidad, las estrategias de cirugía ortopédica consideradas como gold-standard son los injertos óseos (tanto autólogos como alogénicos) y la osteodistracción, pudiendo combinarse con el uso de factores de crecimiento o scaffolds osteoinductores. Aun así, la recuperación exitosa de las propiedades biomecánicas del hueso es limitada. Con el fin de superar estas limitaciones, se han desarrollado nuevas estrategias como las técnicas de ingeniería de tejidos basadas en materiales híbridos compuestos por células osteoprogenitoras, como las células madre mesenquimales (MSCs), y scaffolds de cerámica bioactivos...
Bone regeneration and bone remodeling can be considered as two sides of the same coin, since they are both bone formation processes, but happen in different circumstances. While bone remodeling is a life-long process, bone regeneration occurs mainly during bone healing. It is known that for small fractures or injuries, the bone has an innate ability to repair itself without scaring. These regenerative processes are largely surpassed by major bone damage such as skeletal reconstruction surgery, bone defects of varied origins (traumatic, infectious and tumoral) or congenital skeletal dysplasias. Current orthopedic surgery strategies considered as gold-standard are bone grafting (both autologous and allogenic) and osteodistraction. They can be combined with the use of growth factors or osteoinductive scaffolds. However, the successful recovery of the bone biomechanical properties is limited. In order to bypass these limitations, new strategies have been developed. Such are tissue engineering techniques based on hybrid materials made up of osteoprogenitor cells, like mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and bioactive ceramic scaffolds...
Bone regeneration and bone remodeling can be considered as two sides of the same coin, since they are both bone formation processes, but happen in different circumstances. While bone remodeling is a life-long process, bone regeneration occurs mainly during bone healing. It is known that for small fractures or injuries, the bone has an innate ability to repair itself without scaring. These regenerative processes are largely surpassed by major bone damage such as skeletal reconstruction surgery, bone defects of varied origins (traumatic, infectious and tumoral) or congenital skeletal dysplasias. Current orthopedic surgery strategies considered as gold-standard are bone grafting (both autologous and allogenic) and osteodistraction. They can be combined with the use of growth factors or osteoinductive scaffolds. However, the successful recovery of the bone biomechanical properties is limited. In order to bypass these limitations, new strategies have been developed. Such are tissue engineering techniques based on hybrid materials made up of osteoprogenitor cells, like mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and bioactive ceramic scaffolds...
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Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, leída el 09/10/2020