Publication: Protocolo de intervención en alumnos de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid: prevención en traumatología dentaria
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2018-10-22
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Los traumatismos dentales ocurren con elevada frecuencia y suponen un problema de salud pública. Es fundamental que el alumno de Ciencias de la Salud tenga unos conocimientos suficientes para prevenir este tipo de lesiones y/o saber actuar de urgencia en el lugar del accidente, ya que el pronóstico y la evolución en muchos casos depende de una decisión rápida y correcta. Además, se ha concluido en diversos estudios que la educación en esta materia puede mejorar significativamente la probabilidad de actuar de manera apropiada en el caso concreto de avulsión dental. Objetivos: Los objetivos de este estudio eran estudiar e incrementar los conocimientos sobre traumatología dentaria y su asistencia inmediata en los alumnos de primer curso de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. A su vez, valorar los conocimientos adquiridos inmediatamente después de una actividad formativa, y en el caso de los estudiantes de Odontología, evaluar también las nociones que persisten al cabo de 1 año, 2 años y 3 años de la formación. Material y métodos: Participaron en este estudio 352 estudiantes de Ciencias de la Salud, divididos en seis grupos (tres grupos de Odontología con un total de 186 alumnos, un grupo de 57 estudiantes de Medicina, otro grupo de 35 personas de Farmacia y un último grupo con 74 sujetos de Terapia Ocupacional). Todos los encuestados rellenaron un cuestionario (previamente validado) que incluía preguntas sobre el manejo de los traumatismos dentales en el lugar del accidente y otras cuestiones relacionadas. Posteriormente se impartió una conferencia sobre el tema, en aras a que supiesen cómo prevenir el trauma dental y fuesen capaces de actuar correctamente ante la posibilidad de que pueda producirse una lesión de estas características. Inmediatamente tras la conferencia se repartió el mismo cuestionario. En el caso de los alumnos de Odontología, éstos completaron el cuestionario original también al cabo de 1 año, 2 años y 3 años de la actividad formativa. Las respuestas a las preguntas de los tests se puntuaron siguiendo las guías de la Asociación Internacional de Traumatología Dental (IADT). Para la respuesta correcta dimos 3 puntos, para una respuesta aceptable dimos 1 punto, y para una respuesta incorrecta dimos 0 puntos. Clasificamos el conocimiento de la siguiente manera: Conocimiento elevado (25,51-30 puntos), Conocimiento medio (15,51-25,50 puntos) y Conocimiento bajo (0-15,50 puntos). Resultados: Se observó una falta de conocimientos sobre el tema en el alumnado al comienzo de sus estudios universitarios, en todos los grupos. Tras implementar una conferencia formativa, todos los grupos mejoraron de manera estadísticamente significativa (p < 0,001), alcanzándose un conocimiento elevado. En el caso de los estudiantes de Odontología, a pesar de disminuir sus nociones sobre el trauma dental con el paso de 1 año (p = 0,001), los alumnos mantuvieron un nivel de conocimiento elevado o medio-elevado. A los 2 años el conocimiento se mantuvo elevado sin apenas variar, pero a los 3 años subió de manera estadísticamente significativa (p = 0,002). El 94%-100% de los encuestados opinó que se deberían impartir campañas informativas respecto a estas lesiones entre los estudiantes de primeros cursos de los grados en Ciencias de la Salud. Conclusiones: Se pone de manifiesto la necesidad de formación en traumatología dentaria entre los alumnos de primero de Ciencias de la Salud. La oportunidad de formar a los estudiantes desde los primeros cursos es, sin duda, una ocasión que consideramos de extraordinaria importancia como futuros promotores de salud oral en este campo. Una conferencia para transmitir nociones sobre trauma dental es un modo eficaz para lograr un conocimiento elevado sobre el tema y mantenerlo con el paso de al menos 3 años.
Dental trauma occurs at a high frequency and is considered a public health problem. It is essential that the student of Health Sciences has sufficient knowledge to prevent such injuries and / or act urgently at the place of the accident, because the prognosis and evolution in many cases depend on a fast and correct decision. In addition, it has been concluded in several studies that education in this area can improve the probability of acting appropriately in the specific case of dental avulsion. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to study and increase knowledge of dental trauma and its immediate management in first-year students of Health Sciences of Madrid Complutense University. In turn, to assess the knowledge acquired immediately after a training activity, and in the case of Dentistry students, to evaluate also the notions that persist 1 year, 2 years and 3 years after the training. Material and methods: 352 Health Science students were divided into six groups (three Dentistry groups with a total of 186 students, a group of 57 Medicine students, another group of 35 people from Pharmacy and one last group group with 74 subjects of Occupational Therapy). All respondents completed a (previously validated) questionnaire that included questions about the management of traumatic dental injuries at the place of the accident and other related issues. Subsequently a lecture on the topic was given, in order to know how to prevent dental trauma and be able of act correctly at the possibility that a lesion of these characteristics may occur. The same questionnaire was distributed Immediately after the lecture. In the case of Dentistry students, they also completed the original questionnaire after 1 year, 2 years and 3 years of the training activity. The answers to the questionnaires were scored following International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) recommendations. For the correct answer we gave 3 points, for an acceptable one we gave 1 point, and for an incorrect response we gave 0 points. We categorized the knowledge as follows: High knowledge (25.51-30 points), Moderate knowledge (15.51-25.50 points) and Low knowledge (0-15.50 points). Results: There was a lack of knowledge about the topic in the students at the beginning of their university studies, in all groups. After implementing a training lecture, all groups improved in a statistically significant way (p < 0.001), reaching a high level of knowledge. In the case of Dentistry students, although they reduced their notions about dental trauma after 1 year (p = 0.001), the students maintained a high or moderate-high level of knowledge. After 2 years, knowledge remained high with little change, but at 3 years follow-up it increased in a statistically significant way (p = 0.002). 94-100% of the respondents thought that information campaigns on dental trauma should be implemented for first-year students in Health Sciences degrees. Conclusions: It is evident the need for training in dental traumatology among the first-year students of Health Sciences. The opportunity to train the students from the first courses is, undoubtedly, an occasion that we consider of extraordinary importance as future oral health promoters in this field. A lecture to convey notions about dental trauma is an effective way to achieve a high knowledge on the topic and to maintain it with the passage of at least 3 years.
Dental trauma occurs at a high frequency and is considered a public health problem. It is essential that the student of Health Sciences has sufficient knowledge to prevent such injuries and / or act urgently at the place of the accident, because the prognosis and evolution in many cases depend on a fast and correct decision. In addition, it has been concluded in several studies that education in this area can improve the probability of acting appropriately in the specific case of dental avulsion. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to study and increase knowledge of dental trauma and its immediate management in first-year students of Health Sciences of Madrid Complutense University. In turn, to assess the knowledge acquired immediately after a training activity, and in the case of Dentistry students, to evaluate also the notions that persist 1 year, 2 years and 3 years after the training. Material and methods: 352 Health Science students were divided into six groups (three Dentistry groups with a total of 186 students, a group of 57 Medicine students, another group of 35 people from Pharmacy and one last group group with 74 subjects of Occupational Therapy). All respondents completed a (previously validated) questionnaire that included questions about the management of traumatic dental injuries at the place of the accident and other related issues. Subsequently a lecture on the topic was given, in order to know how to prevent dental trauma and be able of act correctly at the possibility that a lesion of these characteristics may occur. The same questionnaire was distributed Immediately after the lecture. In the case of Dentistry students, they also completed the original questionnaire after 1 year, 2 years and 3 years of the training activity. The answers to the questionnaires were scored following International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) recommendations. For the correct answer we gave 3 points, for an acceptable one we gave 1 point, and for an incorrect response we gave 0 points. We categorized the knowledge as follows: High knowledge (25.51-30 points), Moderate knowledge (15.51-25.50 points) and Low knowledge (0-15.50 points). Results: There was a lack of knowledge about the topic in the students at the beginning of their university studies, in all groups. After implementing a training lecture, all groups improved in a statistically significant way (p < 0.001), reaching a high level of knowledge. In the case of Dentistry students, although they reduced their notions about dental trauma after 1 year (p = 0.001), the students maintained a high or moderate-high level of knowledge. After 2 years, knowledge remained high with little change, but at 3 years follow-up it increased in a statistically significant way (p = 0.002). 94-100% of the respondents thought that information campaigns on dental trauma should be implemented for first-year students in Health Sciences degrees. Conclusions: It is evident the need for training in dental traumatology among the first-year students of Health Sciences. The opportunity to train the students from the first courses is, undoubtedly, an occasion that we consider of extraordinary importance as future oral health promoters in this field. A lecture to convey notions about dental trauma is an effective way to achieve a high knowledge on the topic and to maintain it with the passage of at least 3 years.
Description
Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid de la Facultad de Odontología del Departamento de Estomatología IV (Profilaxis, Odontopediatría y Ortodoncia), leída el 24 de Julio de 2017.