Publication: Estudio del papel inmunomodulador de los antígenos larvarios de "Anisakis simplex"
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2018-11-15
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La anisakidosis, causada por anisákidos (especialmente Anisakis simplex), es una parasitosis de distribución cosmopolita, con elevada prevalencia en países cuyos hábitos culinarios incluyen el consumo de pescado crudo o poco cocinado, como son Japón, España, países escandinavos, Perú o Chile. Hoy en día, supone una de las nematodosis más prevalentes en España, con una seroprevalencia variable entre las diferentes regiones españolas, con tasas que oscilan entre el 0,43% de Galicia y el 15,7% y 22,1% en regiones del centro y del sur, respectivamente. La parasitación por la larva L3 de anisákidos puede dar lugar a distintos cuadros clínicos, de carácter agudo o crónico, o por el contrario no dar sintomatología alguna. Estos cuadros están relacionados con la invasión de la larva L3 de la mucosa gastrointestinal mediante la rotura mecánica de los tejidos y la secreción de potentes enzimas proteolíticas capaces de degradar la matriz extracelular. Durante este proceso, las larvas de A. simplex despliegan mecanismos para modular la dicotomía de la respuesta inmune del hospedador en su propio beneficio, como es su acción anticoagulante o su capacidad para inhibir la producción de óxido nítrico por parte de los macrófagos, entre otras...
Anisakidosis (infection caused by anisakids, especially Anisakis simplex), is a cosmopolitan parasitosis, with high prevalence in those countries where eating habits include frequent consumption of raw or little cooked fish, like Japan, Spain, Scandinavian countries, Peru or Chile. Nowadays, is one of the nematodoses more prevalent in Spain. Previous studies have shown that anisakidosis seroprevalence is very variable among different Spanish regions, with rates tha oscillate between 0,43% in Galicia, and 15,7% and 22,1% in inland and southern regions, respectively. Third stage larvae (L3) parasitation can lead to different clinical profiles, with acute or chronic symptoms, or just not symptomatology at all. Anyway, all these symptoms are related with L3 invasion of the gastrointestinal mucosa by the mechanical ruptura of the tissues and the secretion of potent proteolytic enzymes able to degrade the extracelular matrix. During this process, several mechanisms to modulate the dichotomy of the host immune response are developed by A. simplex larvae for their own benefit. Their anticoagulant actions or their capacity to inhibit nitric oxide production by macrophages, exemplify two mechanisms...
Anisakidosis (infection caused by anisakids, especially Anisakis simplex), is a cosmopolitan parasitosis, with high prevalence in those countries where eating habits include frequent consumption of raw or little cooked fish, like Japan, Spain, Scandinavian countries, Peru or Chile. Nowadays, is one of the nematodoses more prevalent in Spain. Previous studies have shown that anisakidosis seroprevalence is very variable among different Spanish regions, with rates tha oscillate between 0,43% in Galicia, and 15,7% and 22,1% in inland and southern regions, respectively. Third stage larvae (L3) parasitation can lead to different clinical profiles, with acute or chronic symptoms, or just not symptomatology at all. Anyway, all these symptoms are related with L3 invasion of the gastrointestinal mucosa by the mechanical ruptura of the tissues and the secretion of potent proteolytic enzymes able to degrade the extracelular matrix. During this process, several mechanisms to modulate the dichotomy of the host immune response are developed by A. simplex larvae for their own benefit. Their anticoagulant actions or their capacity to inhibit nitric oxide production by macrophages, exemplify two mechanisms...
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Tesis de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Farmacia, Departamento de Parasitología, leída el 03/07/2017