Publication: Evaluación de la ansiedad y propuesta de intervención en pacientes a los se que se les realiza un estudio de PET-TAC
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2018-11-22
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
La Medicina Nuclear es la especialidad médica que emplea los isótopos radiactivos y las radiaciones nucleares para el estudio de los fenómenos biológicos originados por la utilización de los isótopos radiactivos de uso médico, y la aplicación en diagnóstico y tratamiento. En su evolución histórica como especialidad con diferentes momentos importantes destaca la aparición de tomografía por emisión de positrones (PET) y la posterior incorporación de la tomografía computarizada (TAC) apareciendo los equipos híbridos PET-TAC. Esta tecnología de imagen diagnóstica usa radiofármacos siendo el más ampliamente utilizado la 2-[¹⁸F]-fluor-2desoxi- D-glucosa (¹⁸F-FDG). Entre las diferentes aplicaciones de ¹⁸F-FDG PET-TAC destaca su aplicación en Oncología siendo una herramienta fundamental para el diagnóstico, estadificación, control de tratamiento y detección de recurrencia en estos pacientes. La ansiedad es una emoción experimentada por todas las personas y que acompañan al ser humano a lo largo de toda su existencia. Es una reacción compleja del individuo frente a situaciones y estímulos potencialmente peligrosos o subjetivamente percibidos como cargados de peligro. Puede ser considerada como rasgo, tendencia durante un largo periodo de tiempo a enfrentarse o interactuar con el entorno con un excesivo grado de ansiedad, o como estado presencia de síntomas ansiosos en un momento concreto y definido. Dentro del ámbito sanitario, los pacientes experimentan un número importante de reacciones emocionales, que pueden ser de ansiedad (producida por el miedo al dolor o incertidumbre frente al futuro), depresión, problemas de adaptación (por expectativas de cada individuo) o rebeldía (frente a un destino no deseado), siendo lo más común que se tenga miedo al desconocimiento, al dolor, a la posibilidad de sufrir una enfermedad incurable, a la destrucción del cuerpo a la pérdida de autonomía o miedo a la muerte. En relación con las emociones y sentimientos que generan las pruebas médicas en los pacientes antes y después de los procedimientos diagnósticos pueden evocarse emociones en relación con ansiedad, registrándose altos niveles de ansiedad en pacientes remitidos para la realización de pruebas de imagen médicas y son aún mayores en procesos complicados. Y entre las muchas pruebas diagnósticas, especialmente en pacientes oncológicos, se encuentra la PETTAC...
Nuclear Medicine is the medical specialty that uses radioactive isotopes and nuclear radiation for the study of biological phenomena caused by the use of radioactive isotopes for medical use and the application in diagnosis and treatment. In its historical evolution as a specialty has different important moments, one of the most importante is the appearance of positron emission tomography (PET) and the subsequent incorporation of computed tomography (CT) appear the PET-CT hybrid equipment. This diagnostic imaging technology uses radiopharmaceuticals and the most widely used is 2- [¹⁸F] -fluor-2-deoxy-D-glucose (¹⁸F-FDG). Among the different applications of ¹⁸F-FDG PET-TAC, it stands out its application in Oncology being a fundamental tool for the diagnosis, staging, treatment control and detection of recurrence in these patients. Anxiety is an emotion experienced by all people and accompanying the human being throughout their existence. It is a complex reaction of the individual to situations and stimuli potentially dangerous or subjectively perceived as fraught with danger. It can be considered as a trait, tendency over a long period of time to confront or interact with the environment with an excessive degree of anxiety, or as a state presence of anxious symptoms at a specific and definite moment. In the health field, patients experience a significant number of emotional reactions, such as anxiety (produced by fear of pain or uncertainty about the future), depression, problems of adaptation (by expectations of each individual) or rebellion to an unwanted destination), the most common being fear of ignorance, pain, the possibility of suffering an incurable disease, the destruction of the body to loss of autonomy or fear of death. In relation to the emotions and feelings generated by medical tests in patients before and after diagnostic procedures, emotions can be evoked in relation to anxiety, with high levels of anxiety registered in patients referred for medical imaging, and it is even greater in complicated processes. And among the many diagnostic tests, especially in cancer patients, is PET-CT...
Nuclear Medicine is the medical specialty that uses radioactive isotopes and nuclear radiation for the study of biological phenomena caused by the use of radioactive isotopes for medical use and the application in diagnosis and treatment. In its historical evolution as a specialty has different important moments, one of the most importante is the appearance of positron emission tomography (PET) and the subsequent incorporation of computed tomography (CT) appear the PET-CT hybrid equipment. This diagnostic imaging technology uses radiopharmaceuticals and the most widely used is 2- [¹⁸F] -fluor-2-deoxy-D-glucose (¹⁸F-FDG). Among the different applications of ¹⁸F-FDG PET-TAC, it stands out its application in Oncology being a fundamental tool for the diagnosis, staging, treatment control and detection of recurrence in these patients. Anxiety is an emotion experienced by all people and accompanying the human being throughout their existence. It is a complex reaction of the individual to situations and stimuli potentially dangerous or subjectively perceived as fraught with danger. It can be considered as a trait, tendency over a long period of time to confront or interact with the environment with an excessive degree of anxiety, or as a state presence of anxious symptoms at a specific and definite moment. In the health field, patients experience a significant number of emotional reactions, such as anxiety (produced by fear of pain or uncertainty about the future), depression, problems of adaptation (by expectations of each individual) or rebellion to an unwanted destination), the most common being fear of ignorance, pain, the possibility of suffering an incurable disease, the destruction of the body to loss of autonomy or fear of death. In relation to the emotions and feelings generated by medical tests in patients before and after diagnostic procedures, emotions can be evoked in relation to anxiety, with high levels of anxiety registered in patients referred for medical imaging, and it is even greater in complicated processes. And among the many diagnostic tests, especially in cancer patients, is PET-CT...
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Tesis de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, leída el 15/12/2017