Publication: Técnicas anestésicas locorregional en patología herniaria
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2018-11-30
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Los anestésicos locales bloquean la propagación de potenciales de acción de membrana de forma temporal y reversible, colocados cerca de una estructura nerviosa o muscular, en dosis y concentración adecuada. La administración de un anestésico local en el líquido cefalorraquídeo mediante técnica de punción lumbar, es la base de la anestesia espinal. La inyección se realiza por debajo de la segunda vértebra lumbar por facilidad y seguridad, y el volumen oscila entre 1,5 y 3 mililitros. Ello causa parálisis simpática, disminuyendo lasresistencias periféricas y del retorno venoso al corazón derecho. El gasto sanguíneo cerebral permanece constante. Aún en situación de bloqueo de los nervios intercostales, el diafragma sería suficiente para mantener la homeostasis normal en reposo. El aparato digestivo se afecta por la denervación simpática y el predominio vagal. El aparato excretor renal mantiene su autorregulación. La administración de una anestésico local en el espacio extradural, extendido desde el agujero occipital a la membrana sacrococcigea a nivel de la segunda vértebra sacra, es la base de la anestesia epidural...
Local anesthetics block the propagation of action potentials membrane temporarily and reversibly placed near a nerve or muscle structure, dosage and appropriate concentration. The administration of a local anesthetic into the cerebrospinal fluid by lumbar puncture technique is the basis of spinal anesthesia. The injection is performed below the second lumbar vertebra by easily and safely, and the volume ranges between 1.5 and 3 milliliters. This causes sympathetic paralysis, reducing peripheral resistance and venous returnto the right heart. Cerebral blood output remains constant. Even deadlock intercostal nerve, diaphragm would be sufficient to maintain normal homeostasis at rest. The digestive system by sympathetic denervation and vagal predominance is affected. The renal excretory system maintains its self regulation.The administration of a local anesthetic into the extradural space,extending from the occipital foramen to the sacrococcygeal membrane at the level of the second sacral vertebra, is the basis of epidural anesthesia...
Local anesthetics block the propagation of action potentials membrane temporarily and reversibly placed near a nerve or muscle structure, dosage and appropriate concentration. The administration of a local anesthetic into the cerebrospinal fluid by lumbar puncture technique is the basis of spinal anesthesia. The injection is performed below the second lumbar vertebra by easily and safely, and the volume ranges between 1.5 and 3 milliliters. This causes sympathetic paralysis, reducing peripheral resistance and venous returnto the right heart. Cerebral blood output remains constant. Even deadlock intercostal nerve, diaphragm would be sufficient to maintain normal homeostasis at rest. The digestive system by sympathetic denervation and vagal predominance is affected. The renal excretory system maintains its self regulation.The administration of a local anesthetic into the extradural space,extending from the occipital foramen to the sacrococcygeal membrane at the level of the second sacral vertebra, is the basis of epidural anesthesia...
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Tesis de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Farmacología, leída el 01-02-2016