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Capital, credit and the business cycle in Marx

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2018
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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The purpose of this paper is to identify two inconsistencies that are found in the third chapter of Marx’s Das Kapital, dedicated to the study of credit. In the first one Marx states that the distinction between commercial and bank credit is only nominal, but he resorts to it in order to provide an explanation for the nineteenth century crisis in England, thus implying that the distinction was not only nominal, but real. The second inconsistency is noticed between Marx’s statement that real and money capital move in opposite directions during the trade cycle (without an explanation of how it is possible), and the second book of The Capital where Marx states that capital in the form of money and real capital must move in the same directions during the business cycle.
El objetivo de este artículo consiste en identificar dos inconsistencias que aparecen en el capítulo 3 de El Capital, de Karl Marx, dedicado al estudio del crédito. En la primera, Marx afirma que la distinción entre banca comercial y de crédito es solo nominal, pero él recurre a esa distinción para dar una explicación a la crisis del siglo XIX en Inglaterra, con lo cual indica que es una distinción real, no nominal. La segunda inconsistencia es la siguiente: Marx anuncia que el efectivo y el capital dinero se mueven en direcciones opuestas durante el ciclo comercial; pero en el segundo libro de El Capital asume que el capital en forma de dinero y de capital efectivo se deben mover en la misma dirección durante el ciclo de negocio.
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Fullarton, John, On the Regulation of Concurrence, London, 1845. Karl Marx, Das Kapital, edited by Friedrick Engels (1874). Institute of Marxism-Leninism, USSR, 1959; International Publishers, NY, [n.d.] First Published: 1894. Samuel Jones-Loyd, 1st Baron Overstone, Parliamentary Reports, 1848-1849. Included in “The Currency Theory Reviewed”, London, 1845. Tooke, Thomas, Inquiry into the Currency Principle, London, 1845.
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