Publication: Ideología, cientificismo y neutralidad: una reconsideración critica de la economía desde una perspectiva marxiana-gramsciana
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2018
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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La construcción de conocimiento dentro de la economía mainstream u ortodoxa considera a la abstracción lógica de los supuestos, la formalización de los razonamientos y la enunciación de hipótesis contrastables a partir de la efectividad de sus predicciones como garantía de neutralidad investigativa y rigurosidad científica. Sin embargo, como cualquier otra propuesta metodológica sobre la construcción de conocimiento científico dista de ser neutral. A partir del concepto de ideología en Karl Marx y Antonio Gramsci es posible comprender que la metodología adoptada en la ciencia económica es el resultado de un proceso histórico cuyo objetivo fue dar forma a una teoría capaz de establecer un nuevo sentido común económico que legitimara las necesidades del bloque histórico dominante. Su origen puede rastrearse desde el surgimiento de la revolución marginalista a fines del siglo XIX, pasando por la matematización de la disciplina en la segunda posguerra.
The construction of knowledge within the mainstream or orthodox economy considers that the logical abstraction of assumptions, the formalization of reasoning and the enunciation of testable hypotheses are based on the effectiveness of their predictions as a guarantee of research neutrality and scientific rigor. However, like any other methodological proposal on the construction of scientific knowledge, it is far from neutral. From the concept of ideology in Karl Marx and Antonio Gramsci it is possible to understand that the methodology adopted in economic science is the result of a historical process whose objective was to give shape to a theory capable of establishing a new economic common sense that would legitimize the needs of the dominant historical block. Its origin can be traced from the emergence of the marginalist revolution in the late nineteenth century, through the mathematization of the discipline in the second postwar period.
The construction of knowledge within the mainstream or orthodox economy considers that the logical abstraction of assumptions, the formalization of reasoning and the enunciation of testable hypotheses are based on the effectiveness of their predictions as a guarantee of research neutrality and scientific rigor. However, like any other methodological proposal on the construction of scientific knowledge, it is far from neutral. From the concept of ideology in Karl Marx and Antonio Gramsci it is possible to understand that the methodology adopted in economic science is the result of a historical process whose objective was to give shape to a theory capable of establishing a new economic common sense that would legitimize the needs of the dominant historical block. Its origin can be traced from the emergence of the marginalist revolution in the late nineteenth century, through the mathematization of the discipline in the second postwar period.
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