Publication: Cribado de problemas de salud mental en atención primaria
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2019-01-28
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
Los problemas de salud mental comprenden tanto trastornos mentales propiamente dichos como otros problemas de salud relacionados con los riesgos del consumo de sustancias. En total son responsables de más del 13% de la carga total de morbilidad mundial y corresponden con la pérdida de hasta un 37% de años de vida de buena salud en términos de discapacidad. La relevancia de estos trastornos, tanto actualmente como por su proyección futura con una tendencia creciente, plantea la necesidad de abordarlos como problemas de salud pública.La magnitud de los problemas referidos en la población general, no sólo en la medicina, demuestra la necesidad de llegar a más personas que las que solicitan asistencia y de disponer de herramientas para la detección precoz de problemas relacionados con la salud mental como el trastorno bipolar y el consumo de drogas.Los programas de cribado que forman parte de los mecanismos de prevención de segundo nivel de los sistemas de salud, han demostrado eficacia para diversas patologías tanto orgánicas como de salud mental adelantando el diagnóstico y aumentando la supervivencia en algunos pacientes.La labor de la Atención Primaria de Salud en la detección precoz de algunos de esos trastornos mencionados ha sido un papel ampliamente constatado en algunas patologías de salud mental como la depresión, y para algunas drogas aisladas como el tabaco y el alcohol. Sin embargo, la evidencia respecto de la eficacia en el cribado del trastorno bipolar o en la detección precoz simultánea del consumo de riesgo de todas las drogas consumidas por un mismo individuo aún es escasa...
Health mental issues include a wide range of situations from proper mental diseases to other mental health related conditions such as drug using problems. As a whole they are responsible of 13% of total burden of diseases with a 37% loss of healthy life years. The size of the problems described above, as for its importance nowadays as for its importance in near future, it stablishes the need of coping with them as public health issuesBecause of the size and the importance of these problems in general population, not only in medicine and primary care practices, it is clear to us the need of achieving a wider target population than the one seeking medical advice in terms of screening of mental health issues such bipolar disorder or drug use screening.Screening programs as part of the second level of preventive measurements have already demonstrated its efficacy for several health conditions whether they are organic or mental health conditions. When available, they help diagnosing sooner and they help by increasing survival rates in patients.Primary Health Care is a gatekeeper and a key point when it comes to screening of diseases and it has already been shown that it is effective for conditions such as depression or isolated drug screening (tobacco and alcohol). However, it has not been demonstrated when speaking of bipolar disorder or all-type of drug use related problems...
Health mental issues include a wide range of situations from proper mental diseases to other mental health related conditions such as drug using problems. As a whole they are responsible of 13% of total burden of diseases with a 37% loss of healthy life years. The size of the problems described above, as for its importance nowadays as for its importance in near future, it stablishes the need of coping with them as public health issuesBecause of the size and the importance of these problems in general population, not only in medicine and primary care practices, it is clear to us the need of achieving a wider target population than the one seeking medical advice in terms of screening of mental health issues such bipolar disorder or drug use screening.Screening programs as part of the second level of preventive measurements have already demonstrated its efficacy for several health conditions whether they are organic or mental health conditions. When available, they help diagnosing sooner and they help by increasing survival rates in patients.Primary Health Care is a gatekeeper and a key point when it comes to screening of diseases and it has already been shown that it is effective for conditions such as depression or isolated drug screening (tobacco and alcohol). However, it has not been demonstrated when speaking of bipolar disorder or all-type of drug use related problems...
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Tesis de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Psiquiatría, leída el 12-07-2017