Publication: Historia y política en Hanna Arendt
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2019-02-04
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Universidad Complutense de Madrid
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Abstract
El propósito de esta tesis es mostrar el análisis del concepto moderno de historia que realiza Hannah Arendt y las razones por las que intenta destruirlo. Durante el trabajo evidencio que Arendt aplica al concepto moderno de historia la regresión deconstructiva que Heidegger utiliza para desmontar la historia de la metafísica occidental. Expongo que las razones de Arendt son de orden hermenéutico y político. Hermenéuticamente Arendt desea comprender un mundo donde han sido posibles las atrocidades totalitarias. Políticamente quiere recuperar el mundo común de los hombres para que la libre actuación de los mismos sea posible. Esta vinculación entre hermenéutica y política motiva que, tras el análisis del fenómeno totalitario de Los Orígenes, Arendt se embarque en un proyecto más ambicioso: el análisis de la época moderna. Fruto de este estudio, Arendt vincula la política llevada a cabo por los totalitarismos con un concepto de historia que surge en la época moderna. En esta tesis defiendo que, con el fin de liberarlas posibilidades de comprensión y de acción política, Arendt no sólo analiza, sino que destruye el concepto moderno de historia y que fruto de esta destrucción emerge el acontecimiento como nueva categoría histórica, hermenéutica y política. La conclusión general de mi investigación es que Arendt logra su objetivo sólo a medias y esto fundamentalmente por dos razones. En primer lugar porque, a pesar del repudio de la contemplación, Arendt no logra desprenderse totalmente de la historia contemplativa (propia del concepto moderno de historia). En segundo lugar, porque su pensamiento está atravesado por la tensión fenomenológica entre tipología y hermenéutica, lo cual emerge cuando plantea la posibilidad de una historia, un juicio y una política realizados desde el acontecimiento.
The aim of this dissertation is to show the analysis of Hannah Arendt's modern concept of history and the reasons she tries to destroy it. During the work I demonstrate that Arendt applies to the modern concept of history the deconstructive regression that Heidegger uses to dismantle the history of Western metaphysics. I exhibit that there are hermeneutical and political reasons for Arendt’s procedure. Hermeneutically Arendt wishes to understand a world where totalitarian atrocities have been possible. Politically he wants to recover the common world of human beings so that the free action of them is possible. This link between hermeneutics and politics motivates that, after the analysis of the totalitarian phenomenon of The Origins, Arendt starts a more ambitious project: the analysis of the modern age. As a result Arendt links the politics carried out by totalitarianism with a concept of history that emerged in modern times. My claim is that, in order to free the possibilities of understanding and of political action, Arendt not only analyzes, but destroys the modern concept of history and subsequently emerges the event as a new historical category, hermeneutics and politics. The general conclusion of my research is that Arendt achieves her goal only by half and this fundamentally for two reasons. First of all because, despite the repudiation of contemplation, Arendt does not manage to detach herself totally from the contemplative history (representative of the modern concept of history). Secondly, because her thinking is crossed by the phenomenological tension between typology and hermeneutics, which emerges when she poses the possibility of a history, a judgment and a policy built from the event.
The aim of this dissertation is to show the analysis of Hannah Arendt's modern concept of history and the reasons she tries to destroy it. During the work I demonstrate that Arendt applies to the modern concept of history the deconstructive regression that Heidegger uses to dismantle the history of Western metaphysics. I exhibit that there are hermeneutical and political reasons for Arendt’s procedure. Hermeneutically Arendt wishes to understand a world where totalitarian atrocities have been possible. Politically he wants to recover the common world of human beings so that the free action of them is possible. This link between hermeneutics and politics motivates that, after the analysis of the totalitarian phenomenon of The Origins, Arendt starts a more ambitious project: the analysis of the modern age. As a result Arendt links the politics carried out by totalitarianism with a concept of history that emerged in modern times. My claim is that, in order to free the possibilities of understanding and of political action, Arendt not only analyzes, but destroys the modern concept of history and subsequently emerges the event as a new historical category, hermeneutics and politics. The general conclusion of my research is that Arendt achieves her goal only by half and this fundamentally for two reasons. First of all because, despite the repudiation of contemplation, Arendt does not manage to detach herself totally from the contemplative history (representative of the modern concept of history). Secondly, because her thinking is crossed by the phenomenological tension between typology and hermeneutics, which emerges when she poses the possibility of a history, a judgment and a policy built from the event.
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Tesis de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Filosofía, Departamento de Filosofía y Sociedad, leída el 06/09/2018