Publication: Nanoantibióticos
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2017-02
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Abstract
La aparición de nuevos casos de resistencias a antibióticos es cada vez mayor y supone un grave problema a nivel mundial, provocando una mayor dificultad a la hora de tratar las infecciones bacterianas y dando como resultado una mayor prevalencia de discapacidades y muertes provocadas por este tipo de enfermedades. Según la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS),en el año 2014 (1) , se han registrado casos de resistencias a antibióticos en 114 países, siendo una realidad problemática en todas las regiones del mundo. En la actualidad, los grandes avances en el campo de la Nanomedicina han permitido el desarrollo de nuevos sistemas de tratamiento basados en sistemas nanométricos capaces de combatir de una manera más selectiva y eficaz las infecciones bacterianas, los cuales se han denominado nanoantibióticos. En este trabajo se ha realizado una revisión de los distintos nanosistemas que hasta ahora se conocen como nanoantibióticos para el tratamiento de la infección. Estos nanoantibióticos comprenden desde metales como la plata y el oro hasta biocerámicas como las nanopartículas de sílice porosa o los nanotubos de carbono. Su actividad antibacteriana se debe, en gran parte, a su composición (difícilmente reconocibles por las bacterias), tamaño nanoescala, accediendo con facilidad y rapidez a la zona de infección y por su capacidad de albergar diferentes agentes antibacterianos con capacidad de multiterapia.
The emergence of new cases of resistance to antibiotics is increasing and is a serious problem worldwide, causing greater difficulty in treating bacterial infections and resulting in a higher prevalence of disabilities and deaths caused by this type of diseases. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2014, there have been cases of resistance to antibiotics in 114 countries, a reality that is problematic in all regions of the world. Today, great advances in the field of nanomedicine have allowed the development of new treatment systems based on nanometric systems capable of combating bacterial infections in a more selective and effective way, which have been called nanoantibiotics. In this work we have performed a review of the different nanosystems that until now are known as nanoantibiotics for the treatment of infection. These nanoantibiotics range from metals such as silver and gold to bioceramics such as porous silica nanoparticles or carbon nanotubes. Its antibacterial activity is due in large part to its composition (hardly recognizable by bacteria), nanoscale size, easily and quickly accessing the area of infection and its ability to harbor different antibacterial agents with multi-therapy capability.
The emergence of new cases of resistance to antibiotics is increasing and is a serious problem worldwide, causing greater difficulty in treating bacterial infections and resulting in a higher prevalence of disabilities and deaths caused by this type of diseases. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), in 2014, there have been cases of resistance to antibiotics in 114 countries, a reality that is problematic in all regions of the world. Today, great advances in the field of nanomedicine have allowed the development of new treatment systems based on nanometric systems capable of combating bacterial infections in a more selective and effective way, which have been called nanoantibiotics. In this work we have performed a review of the different nanosystems that until now are known as nanoantibiotics for the treatment of infection. These nanoantibiotics range from metals such as silver and gold to bioceramics such as porous silica nanoparticles or carbon nanotubes. Its antibacterial activity is due in large part to its composition (hardly recognizable by bacteria), nanoscale size, easily and quickly accessing the area of infection and its ability to harbor different antibacterial agents with multi-therapy capability.